1St Exam - Comm. 220

Front 1

Media Multitasking

Back 1

Simultaneous exposure to messages from different media

Front 2

Demassification

Back 2

Media's focus on narrower audience segments. (more specific + personal)

Front 3

Narrowcasting

Back 3

Seeking niche audiences. (as opposed to the traditional audience building concepts of bigger is better)

Front 4

Orson Wells

Back 4

"War of the Worlds" broadcast demonstrated mass media effects on people

Front 5

Bullet Theory or Powerful Effects Theory

Back 5

Media have immediate, direct influence on people. (Walter Lippmann)

Front 6

Minimalist Effects Theory

Back 6

Media effects are mostly indirect

Front 7

Two-step flow

Back 7

Media affects individuals through opinion leaders. (Opinion leaders are influential friends, acquaintances)

Front 8

Multi step Flow

Back 8

Media affects individuals through complex, interpersonal connections. Social relationships.

Front 9

Cumulative Effects Theory

Back 9

Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann. Theory that media influence is gradual over time. Redundancy drives home messages from media.

Front 10

Agenda Setting Theory

Back 10

Media tells you what to think about.

Front 11

Cultural Imperialism

Back 11

Sending media to other parts of the world. Creates stereotypes.

Front 12

Stereotyping

Back 12

Using broad strokes to facilitate storytelling. Shorthand used to communicate things quickly. Can perpetuate social injustice.

Front 13

Cathartic Effect

Back 13

Media provides a type of "release". Seeing violence helps keep people from acting it out.

Front 14

Aggressive Stimulation

Back 14

If you watch violence, you become more violent.

Front 15

Catalytic Theory

Back 15

Media violence contributes to real-life violence.

Front 16

Mirror Theory

Back 16

Media reflects what already exists in society.

Front 17

Desensitizing Theory

Back 17

Tolerance of real-life violence grows because of exposure to violence in media.

Front 18

Photography and movies have relied on what kind of technology for most of their history?

Back 18

Chemical

Front 19

Johannes Gutenberg

Back 19

Invented movable metal type in the 1440s. Allowed mass production of literature.

Front 20

Frederick Ives

Back 20

Invented halftone (shades of gray) in 1876. Made photography possible.

Front 21

Henry Luce

Back 21

Magazine innovated who created Life magazine. Type of magazine with over sized images that focused on visual impact.

Front 22

Mathew Brady

Back 22

Created photographic record of U.S. Civil War.

Front 23

George Eastman

Back 23

Developed celluloid film (Kodak camera).

Front 24

Lumiere Brothers

Back 24

Opened first movie hall using projectors.

Front 25

Thomas Edison invented what recording device?

Back 25

Phonograph (1877)

Front 26

Emile Berliner

Back 26

Created the ability for mass production of records.

Front 27

Joseph Maxfield

Back 27

Introduced electrical sound recording in 1920s. (Amplification)

Front 28

Samuel Morse

Back 28

inventor of telegraph in 1844

Front 29

Heinrich Hertz

Back 29

Demonstrated existence of radio waves 1887

Front 30

Guglielmo Marconi

Back 30

Transmitted the first wireless message in 1895.

Front 31

Arthur C. Clarke

Back 31

Devised the concept of satellites in geosynchronous orbits for communication.

Front 32

Gatekeepers

Back 32

Media people who control the flow of information. (Editor for example)

Front 33

Ben Day

Back 33

Launched The Sun. Cost a penny a copy and developed an audience to advertisers. Made media a marketing tool.

Front 34

Benjamin Franklin

Back 34

First printer to get wealthy by owning a chain of newspapers. (reduces costs for each one)

Front 35

Paywall

Back 35

Blocks access to a website's content unless a payment is made. (most online newspapers have them)

Front 36

Rupert Murdoch

Back 36

Owner of media conglomerate News Corporation, including Fox News.

Front 37

Muckraking

Back 37

"investigative reporting", finding dirt on people.

Front 38

Conglomerate

Back 38

Smaller companies group under a single parent company.

Front 39

Mary Baker Eddy

Back 39

Founded the Christian Science Monitor in 1908.

Front 40

Cooperative

Back 40

An organization owned and run jointly by members that share profits or benefits. (example- Associated Press)

Front 41

Scarcity Model

Back 41

When a resource is finite, government decides who gets it. (aka Radio frequencies)

Front 42

1789 Postal Act

Back 42

Government discounts for mailing newspapers.

Front 43

Underwriting

Back 43

Paid non-advertising. Connects sponsors name to something without actually advertising.

Front 44

Legals

Back 44

Required, paid advertising. Required by law. Budget plans or other government meeting notes.

Front 45

Trade groups

Back 45

An organization created by related endeavors, sometimes competitors, to pursue mutual goals.