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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nativism
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term for favoring native-born people over foreign-born people
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Isolationism
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term for the post-war position of avoiding political and economic involvement with other countries
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Communism
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economic and political system based on a one party government and state ownership of property
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Anarchists
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people who oppose any form of government
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Sacco and Vanzetti
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Italian immigrants who were convicted and executed on the basis of circumstantial evidence
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Quota System
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system that limited how many immigrants from various countries could be admitted into the U.S.
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Warren G. Harding's Policies
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Post-war president who tried to soothe the nation after war, but whose admiration was pluged by scandal
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Calvin Coolidge's Policies
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Pro-business president who favored low taxes and "a constructive economy"
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Installment Plan
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way to buy goods on credit by making a series of payments over time (credit)
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Prohibition
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where women tried to banish the selling and consumption of alcohol to help save money and their lives
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Speakeasy
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where drinkers went to obtain liquor illegily, drinkers went underground to hidden saloons
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Bootlegger
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smugglers practice of carrying liquor in the legs of boots
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Speclation
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bought stocks and bonds on the chance of quick profit and ignoring risks
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Buying on Margin
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Paying a small percentage of a stock's price as a down payment and borrowing the rest
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Black Tuesday
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October 29th, the bottom fell out of the market and nations confidence fell
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Hawley- Smoot Tariff Act
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1930- established the highest protective tariff in U.S. histry
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Shantytowns/ Hooverville
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small towns/ villages consisting of poor people whose homes were made out of scrap materials (shacks)
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Direct Releif
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Cash payments/ food provided by the government to help the poor and needy
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Herbert Hoover
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Tried to reassure Americans that the nations economy was on sound footing and tried to stay optimistic. Was overall a really bad president, not many American citizens liked him
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Boulder Dam (Hoover Dam)
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726 ft. high and 1,244 ft. long, making it the worlds tallest dam and the second largest. Helped California hugely because without it, it would be a desert. One of the only things that Hoover did in office that was worth bragging about
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Federal Home Loan Bank Act
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lowered mortgage rates for homeowners and allowed farmers to refinance their farms/ land
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Reconstruction Finance Coorperation
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Hoover's most ambiguous economic measure, approved in Jan. 1932, authorized $2 billion for emergency financing for banks, life insurance companies, rail road companies, and other large businesses
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Bonus Army
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called themselves "bonus expeditionary force", when military family's arrived back home
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New Deal Agencies
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Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA): sought to raise crop prices by lowering production, which gov. achieved by paying farmers to leave a certain amount of land un-seeded. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC): put middle aged men to build railroads, parks, plant trees, solve soil erosion, and work on flood control projects. National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA): provided money to states to create jobs in building schools and community buildings (provided 4 million jobs). National Recovery Act (NRA): set prices of products & standards. Homeowners Loan Cooperation (HOLC): provided government loans to homeowners who faced forclosure
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Why did America move towards isolationism after WWI?
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didn't want to be apart of another world war, and worldly affairs, or be blamed for war. Also needed to rebuild the economy
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How did Americans react to the perceived threat of communism?
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they didn't like it because they were scared that they would loose their private property (private belongings) some people joined the communist party but too many people grew fearful that they would take over
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How and why did the U.S. limit immigration after WWI?
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"keep America for the Americans", became a popular motto. Immigrants were willng to work for low wages and long hours which took away jobs from the native born people. The KKK was devoted to keep America for Americans (and racist). Government created the quota system which only let certain immigrants come to America during certain times.
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What were the most crucial problems facing the American economy in the 1920's?
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Industries were in trouble because they weren't making profit. Certain services that were needed during the war were not needed anymore. Cars were being made but people couldn't afford them. Farmers weren't making profit and needed loans to pay for bills and feed livestock. People were living on credit as their income became less and less. The richer got richer and the poor became poorer.
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Explain the main causes of the 1920 stock market crash and depression.
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Early September, 1929, prices peaked and then fell, October 24th the market took another plunge, and people lost all faith and took out their money from the banks. People panicked to sell their stocks in big cooperation's. Banks and businesses failed creating the Great Depression from 1929 to 1940. Unemployment went from 3 percent to 12 percent
- tariffs & war debt policies that cut down the foreign market for American goods - crisis in the farm sector - ability of easy credit - unequal distribution of income |
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How did the Great Depression affect the U.S. and other global economies?
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Affected Europe because of the war, Germany had to repay its allies. Other countries couldn't get products (crops/ livestock). In 1930 congress passed the Hawley- Smoot Act, was designed to protect American farmers and manufactures from foreign competition
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What was President Hoover's initial response to the depression?
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He tried to keep America calm and under control, but he tried to pass many bills and didn't listen to the people of America when it came down to what needed to be done.
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What was the Bonus Army and what were President Hoover's reaction towards it?
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He didn't like them and he rejected their bonus when the family's came back home. They were supposed to receive a bonus for serving their life in the war. and denied them a place to stay. and directly insulted them
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What was FDR's approach to improving the economy? How was it different from the previous presidents?
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He created Rural Assistance, working projects, promoted fair practices, food, clothing, and shelter projects. He tried to regulate that finances of America within businesses and banks. Was the only president to create a code ("FDR's Alphabet soup") and actually employed 3 million people during the depression.
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What are the major New Deal Agencies and what is their significance?
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+Works Progress Administration (WPA)- established minimum wage and rules during work hours
+National Youth Administration (NYA)- provided job traning and part time jobs for needy sudents +Fair Labor Standards (FLS)- Min. wage, rules for under 16 yr olds, and maximum hours +Social Security Administration (SSA)-pension for old people in retirement +Federal Deposit Insurance Company (FDIC)- bank deposits up to $5,000 +Security & Exchange Commission (SEC)- treaty practices +National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)- unition issues defines unfair labor +Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)- develops TN Valley unemployed and provides services +Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDC)- provides food and product labels for information +Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC)- loans $ to home owners @ low interest rates to those who can't afford it. |
