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191 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What made its first widespread debut in WWII ?
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Tanks & Airplanes made first widespread warfare debut
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Allies sent 42 million men to fight
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over 22 million were killed
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1920s
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Decade of great change in U.S.: called Roaring 20s / Jazz Age / Golden Era, Age of gangsters / prohibition.
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A Flapper
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A young liberated woman
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Margaret Sanger
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introduced the birth control pill
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Red Scare
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Communist revolution took place in Russia during W.W.I. - After war: fear of communism in U.S., Attorney General A Mitchell Palmers launches investigations of immigrants, Dies out as a result of not much public support, Approx 250 immigrants deported during this time
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Launches investigations of immigrants after "Red Scare"
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Attorney General A Mitchell Palmers.
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Black Sox Scandal
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8 members of Chicago White Sox team throw World Series due to mob payments
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Sacco & Vanzetti
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Results due to red scare: 2 immigrants wrongly accused of murder, both were electrocuted, after, after deaths, FBI launches investigation Vanzetti was found not guilty however questions regarding Sacco could not clear him
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Scopes Trial
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a.k.a. Scopes Monkey Trial, John T Scopes, a substitute teacher teaches evolution to students which was against state law, Whole lawsuit revolves around teaching evolution v.s. creationism Held in Dayton, TN -Clarrence Darrow is the defense attorney. William Jennings Bryan consultant to prosecution. Everyone was waiting for face off between Darrow and Bryan Bryan slips up on stand. Scopes was guilty of teaching evolution fined $100.00
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Two main Attorneys in the Scopes Trial.
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Clarrence Darrow is the defense attorney. William Jennings Bryan consultant to prosecution.
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18th Amendment and the power behind it.
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Prohibition Volstead Act
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21st Amendment
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Ends Prohibition
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Two Exceptions to the 18th Amendment
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1.Religious 2.Medical
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Prohibition caused an increase in
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Crime, Illness, Death
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Al Capone
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Most Famous Mobster, made money in money laundering, drug trafficking, extortion, blackmail, prostitution. The press really liked him.
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Elliot Ness
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Leader of the Untouchables FBI special team.
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Tax Evasion
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Crime that took Al Capone down.
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Henry Ford
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Automobile and the Assembly line
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Orville and Wilbur
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Invented the Airplane, Kittyhawk N.C.
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Wright Flyer
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First Airplane 12-second flight
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Charles Lindenburg
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1st to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean Spirit of St. Louis
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Spirit of St. Louis
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Charles Lindenburgs airplane. Took 33hrs and 39min. NY to Paris
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Carrigon
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Wrong-way
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Amelia Earhart
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First Women to fly across Pacific Disappears
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1st Talkie movie
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The Jazz Singer
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1920 President
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Warren G. Harding (Term marked by corruption)
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Teapot Dome Scandal
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Over Federal Reserve Oil, Charles Denby and Albert Fall, Sec of Navy and Interior.
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Edward Dohoney and Harry Sinclair
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Teapot Dome Scandals business men initiated scandal
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1920's Considered best Secretary of State.
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Charles Evans Hughes
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Washington Naval Conference
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Shining light of Hardings term. Tried to stop WWII before the thought came. The conference was for a treaty over Naval Arms Limitations - Many treaties were signed.
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Calvin Coolidge
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Becomes president after Harding dies. 1924 re-elected into office. Silent Cal Restored Confidence to the presidency.
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Kellog-Briand Pact of 1924
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Pact of Peace, U.S. and France signed to keep the peace. Outlawed warfare.
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Election 1928
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R- Herbert Hoover, D-Alfred Smith, 1st Election to use the Radio. Hoover sounded more "presidential."
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Alfred E. Smith
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1st Roman Catholic to run. Country thought the Pope would run the country.
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Black Tuesday
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Oct 29, 1929 Stock Market Crash
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Reconstruction Finance Corp.
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RFC tried to funnel money through businesses, insurance, labor unions to get money into the hands of the people. ---To help jumpstart the economy.
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Hoover Dam
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Dam created between Nevada+Arizona. A source for Government Jobs. Everyone flocked to the area creating Shantyvilles/Hoovervilles Homeless people.
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Bonus Army
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WWI veterans were promised a bonus before the depression, marched on Washington to protest (Set up Shantyvilles). Gen. McArthur called out Army with bayonets, tanks, tear gas killed babies.
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Five Power Naval Treaty
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Signed US, GB, Japan, France, Italy. Arms limitations treaty. Japan violated it.
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Events that led up to the Great Depression
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Events that led up to the depression include: Stock market crash, buying on credit, over production by industries and farmers, no trade with Europe they are already in depression, Farmers move to cities, Bank runs, revenue tax cut before depression. Increase in: death, crime, and prostitution.
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Hoovers attitude during the depression times?
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Government is to do nothing.
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1932 President
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Franklin D. Roosevelt (Dem) + Dem Congress.
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New Deal
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FDRs platform during the first 4yrs. New Deal Three Rs: Recovery, Reform, Relief.
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Recovery, Reform, Relief
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Three Rs of FDRs platform
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Bank Holiday
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Gave banks one week off to get a chance to reorganize and to stop the bank runs. All gold to be cashed in. Stabilizes the economy.
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Special Session of Congress
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100 Days of Congress most of the New deal was passed during this time.
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Glass-Steagall Act
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Created the FDIC (and the SEC?)
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SEC
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Securities Exchange Commision The watch dog of the stock market.
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Triple C
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Civilian Conservation Corporation. Men 18-24yrs put to work. Run by the Army. Plant trees, pay $1/day.
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TVA
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Tennessee Valley Authority. Put people to work on dams (Tenn River). Built 20 Dams. Brought electricity/power to Tennessee area.
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WPA
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Workers Progress Administration. Anyone that didnt fit in the Triple C or TVA. Built houses, roads, schools. Built 125,000 public bldgs, 65,000 roads, 75,000 bridges.
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Triple A
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Agriculture Adjustment Act. Government subsidizing to farmers. Later, Supreme Court=Unconst.
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National Industrial Recovery Act
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Suspended all Anti-trust acts. In exchange, companies had to deal fairly with labor unions. **Ended Child Labor
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Wagner Act
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National Labor Relations. Mediate between Union and Company. Most Recent - Maj. League Baseball. Created CIO Congress of Industrial Organization.
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Court Packing Plan
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FDR attempt to pack the supreme court with his own people. Allows FDR to appoint 1 new judge (max 6) for every sitting judge 70yrs of age/older with at least 10yrs of service. Went from 9 to 15 judges.
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John Maynard Keynes
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British Economist promoted deficit spending and government intervention.
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Adolf Hitler
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Rules Germany Dictator
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Winds of War
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Beginnings of WWII
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Three big dictators
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Hitler Germany, Mussolini Italy, Stalin Soviet Union.
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Axis Powers
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Germany, Italy, Japan
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Allies
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US, GB, Russia, France
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U.S.s response to the growing war in Europe?
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Isolationism. Pass Neutrality Acts.
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Neutrality Acts
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Laws passed to isolate Trade, Travel, Banking.
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September 1, 1939
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Official Start of WWII. Germany invaded Poland.
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USS Panay
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Attacked by Japanese- Ship shot in Chinese waters.
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Cash and Carry
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Europe could come to the US and get supplies but they must pay cash.
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Destroyers for Bases Deal
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England can have 50 ships from US, but US gets 7 bases in return.
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Land-Lease Act
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Britain has run out of money. US start letting Britain borrow/ lending supplies. US nickname Arsenal of Democracy
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Election 1940
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FDR First president to get a 3rd Term
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Atlantic Charter
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A metting with Englands leaders. Decided if America gets in war, 1- will fight a European war first. 2- Create an organization to take the place of the League of Nations U.N.
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USS Reuban James
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Sunk by a U-boat, lost 100 men. Happened right before Pearl Harbor.
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Pearl Harbor
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Dec 7, 1941. Day that will live in infamy US is now a part of WWII.
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Operation Torch
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Invasion into North Africa Successful retaking. Eisenhower and Patton 2 Generals in Charge.
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Eisenhower and Patton 2 Generals in Charge of what operation?
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Operation Torch retaking of North Africa
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Operation Husky
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Invasion into Italy General Patton (Mussolini caught and put in jail).
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Operation Avalanche
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Fight to keep Italy Massive Battle fought until the end of the war. General Mark Clark in charge.
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Operation Overlord
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Invasion into Normandy France. AKA D-Day. June 6, 1944. Code name for beaches Omaha and Utah.
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Omaha and Utah codenames
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Code name for beaches in Normandy France.
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Turning point of war for Germany
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D-Day, after this day they were on the defensive.
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Battle of the Bulge
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Fight for a Crossroads. Germans last trying attempt to break through the Americans. Didnt work only created a bulge.
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Election of 1944
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FDR elected for a 4th term. Died and (VP)Harry Truman became president.
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VE Day
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May 2, 1945. Victory Europe
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Pacific Theater- Japanese had most of the Pacific islands. Fight over the Philippines: Who was in charge?
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Douglas McArthur
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Bataan Death March
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20,000 POW Marched 500miles into camps 500-600 died along the way.
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Jimmy Doolittle
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General in charge of the raid on Japan from aircraft carrier. B-25 bombers to bomb Tokyo. Strategically not worth anything but morale went up in the U.S.
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Battle at Coral Sea
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Partial turning point of war. Draw between US and Japan. First time US stopped Japan.
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Battle of Midway
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Broke the Japanese code. Blew away Japanese fleet. Turning point -Japan went on the defensive.
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Island Hopping
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Strategy to hop islands, not to conquer every one.
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Iwo Jima
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Location of Marine memorial Raising the Flag. Mount Sere Boji Wanted this area for an airfield.
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Manhattan Project
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Top secret plans for the A-bomb.
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Dr. Robert Oppenhiemer
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In charge of the Manhattan Project. I am the destroyer of worlds
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Paul Tibbits
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Pilot of the B29 bomber Enola Gay that dropped the 1st A-bomb in Hiroshima.
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Charles Sweeny
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Pilot of the B29 bomber Bocx Car that dropped the 2nd A-bomb in Nagasaki.
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USS Missouri
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Japan formally surrendered on this ship in Tokyo Bay.
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September 1, 1939 September 1, 1945
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Official Start and End dates of WWII.
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VJ
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Victory Japan, Sept 1, 1945.
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Description of the 1950s
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Age of Prosperity. People are happy. War and depression are over. Economic Boom for 20yrs. Increase in Labor. Increase in Consumerism. Baby Boomers
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GI Bill
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Service Readjustment Act Official name. To send veterans to school. Industries can not absorb all of the veterans returning from WWII. 2mill College 3.5 mill- Tech Schools. 700,000 Farming schools. Congress spent 14.5 Billion to fund program. Ended in 1956.
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Baby Boomer
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Population expansion after the war.
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Results of the GI Bill
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A shift from Blue Collar workers to White Collar managers etc. White Flight mostly white men.
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Marshall Plan
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Plan to rebuild Europe. June 1947. Spent $12.5 billion to rebuild Europe.
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U.N.
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United Nations created in 1945. HDQTRS in NY in a building donated by Rockefeller.
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Nuremberg Trials
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Trials for War Crimes of the Nazis.
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Major Overseers of the Nuremberg Trials
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US. GB. France. Russia. 22 on trial. 19-guilty. 12-death penelty.
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Nuremberg Trials 3 Violations
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1.Waging an aggressive war. 2.Breaking the Established rules of war. 3.Crimes against Humanity.
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Berlin Airlift
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Russia has blocked the Eastern side of Berlin. US uses Cargo planes to get in and out of area. Used to for food and supplies. Ran 24hrs/day
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Containment Doctrine
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How to deal with Russia. Stop the spread of communism. George F. Kennan State Depts idea.
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Truman Doctrine
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Containment Doctrine but more specific. Gave money to Turkey and Greece to help the economy. To stop the spread of communism.
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Marshall Plan
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The plan to rebuild Europe. Named after Pattons Sect. of State. The plan was to make sure the government was stabalized enough so that communism would not spread.
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National Security Act
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Congress passed to re-organize the government to deal with the Cold War.
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List 4 things created out of the National Security Act.
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1.CIA 2.DOD 3.VOA 4.NSA
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NATO
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Created to protect each other
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Russias version of NATO?
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Warsaw Pact (Countries were forced into agreement)
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Joseph McCarthy
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Saw Communism in everything. Created Committee of Un-American Activities. Started witch trials in Hollywood.
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Rosenburg Trial
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Selling the A-Bomb plans to the Russians. Convicted of Treason and sentenced to death. Electrocution.
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Hydrogen Bomb
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1952 Marshall Island, Bikini Atoll. 100x more powerful then the A-Bomb.
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Korean War
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1st Cold War 1950 N.Korea invades South to make it Communism. 1st real test of containment. 1st time troops will be needed for containment UN is also being tested because S.Korea is a member.
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Inchon Landing
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Amphibian attack in Korea. To relieve pressure in Pusan.
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1952 Election
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Dwight Eisenhower with Richard Nixon(VP).
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Checkers Speech
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Nixons TV speech about the family dog. About illegal campaign contribution. To clear his name.
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Jackie Robinson
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Breaks the color line in Major Leauge Baseball .Brooklyn Dodgers owner Branche Ricky.
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Rosa Parks
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45yr old seamstress. Refused to give up seat on bus. Violated city transportation laws.
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MLK Jr.
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Takes over modern civil rights movement. Started the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Founded the SCLC.
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Thurgood Marshall
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Lawyer for Brown in Brown vs Board Ed. Later becomes the 1st black Supreme Court Justice.
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Brown vs Board Ed.
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Desegregation of schools
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Brown vs Board Ed. overturned what previous ruling?
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Plessy vs. Furgeson
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Orville Fabas
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Governor of Arkansas that went against direct order to desegregate schools.
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Ho Chi Mein
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Leader of the uprising (for communism) in South Vietnam.
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Dien Bien Phu
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Location of French Massacre in Vietnam.
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Sputnik
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1st Russian satellite in space.
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U-2 Incident
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Spy plan shot down over Russia Pilot was Francis Gary Powers. Begins the Space Race
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Election 1960
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JFK defeats Nixon
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Peace Corps
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Cold War tool. Humanitarian Org.
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Berlin Wall
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Symbol of the Cold War E+W Berlin separated.
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Two big parts of Cold War
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Bay of Pigs and Cuban Missile Crisis
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Bay of Pigs
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Cuban exiles are trained in Florida to retake Cuba. The group was called La Brigade. Unsuccessful major embarrassment. JFKs worst mistake. Paid Castro 53 million for the release of the Brigade.
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Cuban Missile Crisis
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Russia sending in missles into Cuba to be pointed at US. JFK sends Navy to blockade. Dismantle site and US looses Platt agreement.
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Flexible Response
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Limited War Bad war strategy. Used this strategy for most of the Vietnam war.
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Robert McNamara
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Created the idea of Flexible Response
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Lee Harvey Oswald
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Assassinated JFK, killed by Jack Ruby.
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Election of 1964
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Lyndon B Johnson
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The Great Society
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LBJs Platform dealt largely with Civil Rights.
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24th Amendment
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Abolished poll tax as prerequisite to vote
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Voting Rights Act
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Banned illiteracy tests
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Watts Riot
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Protest got out of hand. Lasted 1 week. 33 Blacks dies. 3 Whites died.(Watts is a town)
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Malcom X
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Advocate of violence, Nation of Islam Leader. Wanted segregation of everyone.
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James Earl Ray
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Assassinated MLK
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Gulf of Tonkin
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Congress gave the power to Pres. Johnson to micromanage the war.
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Tet Offensive
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Urban warfare. Vietnam had begun fighting in the cities. Military victory but huge discredit to Johnson politically He lied to us about winning
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My Lai
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US soldiers cant trust anyone anymore. Start killing everyone. Promoted by kills. Started rapes.
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1968 Election
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Hubert Humphrey (D), Bobby Kennedy (R) Assassinated. Richard Nixon (R). Nixon won.
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Timothy Leery
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Berkley Professor advocating drugs Acid
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1970 President
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Richard Nixon (Re-elected in 1972, Original 1968)
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What did Richard Nixon do that no other president had done?
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Visit with China. Tired to build bridge with China and Russia.
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Détente
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French term meaning Relaxed Tension
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Nixon used what sport to become friendly with China?
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Chinese past time: Ping-Pong.
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SALT Agreement
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Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
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Vietnamization
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Strategy to slowly withdraw troops but to continue to supply South Vietnam. Americans perception of Nixon was he was trying to escalate the war.
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Kent State
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Anti-war demonstration at University. Killed 4 students. National Guard got fenced in and panicked.
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End of Vietnam War
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Apr 29, 1975 US Pulls out, South falls to North. 118 billion dollars. 56,000 died.
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Henry Kissinger
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Sec. Of State under Nixon
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Watergate Scandal
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Nixon administration breaks into the Watergate hotel to steal Democratic strategy for election. Nixons crime is that he covers it up.
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Pentagon Papers
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JFK called for study into Flexible Response. The results looked very bad. Decided to keep the papers confidential. DANIEL ELSBERG sneaks the papers out to the press.
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Woodward and Bernstien
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Investigative reporters trying to find someone guilty in Watergate
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Agnew (vp to Nixon)
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Only one found guilty during Watergate Illegal campaign funds (Gerald Ford is appointed VP)
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Nixon Resigns, Who becomes president?
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Gerald Ford only president in history that was not elected.
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Lynette Squeaky Fromme and Sara Jane Moore
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Two women who try to assassinate Ford. (Unrelated events)
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Election of 1976
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Jimmy Carter elected
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American Hostages in Iran
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60 Hostages taken in storm of Embassy. Jimmy Carter couldnt do anything right. Everything failed. Mission of helicopters crashed. (Released in 1980 when Reagan takes office).
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Election of 1980
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Ronald Reagan (R) Jimmy Carter(D) Reagan wins Walter Mondale runs with Gerldine Ferraro 1st women to run.
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John W. Hinckley, Jr.
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Attempted assassination on President Reagan
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Reagans Promise during campaign
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End of Cold War.
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Events helping Reagan win Cold War
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Russia invades Afghanistan. Poland Rebellion- Russia puts down. KAL-0700-Russia shoots down.
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Strategic Defense Initiative
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SDI - Star Wars. Satellite to orbit in space shoots down missiles. (Forces Russia to try and keep up with US. Russias economy falls)
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Granada Invasion
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Operation Urgent Fury 1983. Marxist Leader took over island. Reagan sent in Army and Marines to take back Island. (Containment)
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Iran-Contra Scandal
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US supported Contras. Raised money on Black market to sell weapons. Iran was a part of this. Implicated Lt. Col. Oliver North
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Sandra Day Oconner
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1st Women as Supreme Court Justice
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Noriega (Panama)
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Drug dealer. US served warrant for arrest with Army.
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Allen Shepherd
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1st Man in Space (1st to play golf on moon)
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Mercury Project
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Make sure Man gets into space. Mainly research. 1 man capsule. Total time in space 15min.
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John Glenn
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1st Man to orbit Earth
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Gemini Project
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(Past Soviet Unions Program) Research.
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Ed White
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1st Man to do a space walk (During Gemini Project)
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Appollo 11
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1st moon landing.
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Neil Armstrong
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1st Man to walk on moon
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The Enterprise
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1st Space Shuttle
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Colombia
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1st Space shuttle in Space
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Challenger Explosion had the first
.?
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Teacher
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Sally Ride
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1st Women in Space
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Gary Blueford
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1st African-American in Space
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