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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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copper (not on the exam) |
illustrates industrialism/global trade: boom and bust British dominated industry that spread around the world - they needed mines in LA< Australia, Africa Swansea in Wales was center of copper industry, had more efficient smelting method |
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nationalism (not on exam) |
belief that your group of people with common origins/culture/history deserves their own state could justify expanding state, respond to oppressive colonization, be a result of decolonization |
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Taiping Rebellion |
1851-1864 peasant uprising against Quing Dynasty led by Hong Xiuqan. he preached revitalization and restoration of heavenly kingdom, was Christian. ended bc of internal leadership struggles and western governments opposing the rebellion |
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Industrialism (not on test) |
- 18th century - families worked harder and longer to produce more for the market and purchase more in the market (industrious revolution) |
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Karl Marx |
- 1818-1833 - philosopher, social scientist, historian, revolutionary, born in Germany - worked with Friedrich Engles - theory: human societies progress through class struggle |
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Rhodes (not on the exam) |
source, there should be a secret society ** |
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romanticism (not on the exam) |
artistic, literally, intellectual movement in Europe at the end of the 18th century feelings over reason, emphasizes self reflection, idealized version of community, admire dedication to one's ideas reaction to Industrial rev and enlightenment |
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Wahhabism ON THE EXAM |
- Sunni movement to return to pure form of Islam under the leadership of Muhammad Ibn abd al-Wahhab - attacked "lax" religious practices, railed against polytheistic beliefs - speared by fear of spreading Christian power, reaction to imperialism, capitalism, colonialism - represented the reversal of western values that still resonates there today |
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Meiji Restoration |
modernization in Japan 1868-1912 by Mutsuhito modernized private property, postal, and tax system; military territorial expansion into Korea and Taiwan; feudal system reformed to allow farmers to own their own land |
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Equiano (not on the exam) |
former slave who lived in England and wrote "The Case Against the Slave Trade" -- argued open trade would be more beneficial than slavery due to large African population that would demand British goods and would supply resources |
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El Nino |
- increase in greenhouse gases from industry and agriculture helped enhance El Nino effect in late 19th century - effects coupled w/ economy designed to benefit industrializing parts and imperialism --> famines, state to weak to help - coupled with British force, India was deindustrailized to only raw cotton |
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Boxer rebellion |
mass violence rebellion from 1898 to 1902 in China first rebellion aimed at getting rid of western missionaries and Christians; Qing then refused to put down boxers as Western gov'ts asked; 8 countries invaded and forced them to sign Peace protocol of 1901 to repress boxer rebellion |
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Captain Cook (not on the exam) |
** |
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Night Soil |
Asia used waste as fertilizer: China, Japan, India all had markets for waste, making cities more sanitary Europe had no sewage systems until sewers in 1856 in London, Nightsoil men worked at night to collect waste |
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John Snow |
English physician, founder of epidemiology partly because he trades the source of a cholera outbreak in Soho, London in 1854. findings inspired change in water and waste systems in London and other cities --> health improvements |
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Mexican revolution |
- 1910-1920 - started as revolt against established order under Diaz regime, changed to civil war over time - fueled by unequal distribution of land, wanted to empower middle/lower class; weaken conservative force of Roman Catholic church - resulted in widespread reform and a constitution |
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Sun Yat Sen |
- creator of nationalist movement and founder of Republic of China in 1912 - finished feudalistic ties that had been 2000 yrs old, wanted to be like west - Qing was failing, losing support, against other nations |
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Fordlandia |
- area in Amazon Rainforest in Brazil est by Henry Ford in 1928 - Intended to be a industrial town to cultivate rubber for Ford to avoid British monopoly - Failed by 1934: poor logistics, disease, and was bad, had to live American life style |
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Rubber |
-important source of manufacturing in 20th century - tropical plant, so used colonies for rubber plantation - conditions for workers were terrible - rubber development witness the global transformation of the economy |
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Leopold II |
1835-1909 second king of the Belgians, remembered for founding and exploiting the Congo for his won wealth and political power |
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Wardian cases |
- glass cases to transport plants invented in 1829 - used to transport plants that previously died during the voyage to/from Europe |
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cholera |
- acute diarrhoeal disease caused by ingesting food or water contaminated with a bacteria that infects the intestines - outbreak in London from Broad Street Pump |
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tea |
- became central to British culture as relaxer or pick me up --> huge industry developed - British East Indian Company developed to foster trade with mostly China |
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Broad Street Pump |
- water pump located in Soho district of London, 1854 - John Snow believed the pump was the cause of the cholera outbreak, and was spread through contamination of water |
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Opium Wars |
- 1840's, after having been banned by Qing in 1729 - opium only desired good since Chinese were hooked, so silver flowed out of China - wars forced China to see how weak its military was vs the European powers who had been expanding in arms war |
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Gandhi |
- 1869-1948, nationalist non violent leader - advocated Indian self reliance, such as Salt March |
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Imperialism |
- expanding a nations territory by subjugating countries with resources - economic reasons: having resources/labor - political reasons: more land = more power, tried to impose democracy - cultural reasons: impose western modernism |
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trench Warfare (not on the exam) |
- WWI became infamous for duration and horrors - no mans land in between: barbed wire and machine guns = death of those who charged |
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Lenin |
- communist revolutionary in early 20th century - Russia became one party communist state under his leadership - tried to promote world revolution several times |
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Chiang Kai-shek |
- leader of Republic of China from 1926-1949 before Mao - rejected democracy and democratic socialism; fought against Mao in civil war after WWII - ran away to Taiwan - was a authoritarian leader, suppressed civil rights |
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Salt March |
- non violent nationalist movement led by Ghandi in 1930 - march to protest British rule, kept from buying or selling salt - led to civil disobedience, people making salt from the ocean - inspired Indian people |
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Hujum (ON THE EXAM) |
- actions/policies taken by Communist party to have muslim women in USSR remove veils - started by Joseph Stalin - restricted religious freedom and demonstrate inequality/respect of human rights that comes when trying to enforce communist equality |
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Dulce et Decorum Est |
- poem written in WWI by Wilfred Owen - described gas attack, a personal experience - was anti war |
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Apartheid |
- racial segregation by Afrikaner dominated gov't - legislated in 1948 -1994 by Afrikaner National Party - people moved into segregated neighborhoods, education, public services - legacy of segregation from the Dutch |
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Hitler |
- Nazi leader gained influence after Great Depression - invaded Poland in 1939, started WWII |
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Holocaust |
- genocide led by Nazis/Adolf Hitler - 6 million Jews died, 11 million total - Nuremberg Laws of 1935, ghettos, camps |
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Auschwitz |
- concentration camp used mainly for extermination during WWII - liberated in 1945 by Soviets |
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Progressivism |
- significant during Enlightenment, belief that society could become more civil - often left wing philosophy - view progress being stifled by economic inequality due to industrialization |
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National Socialism |
- political doctrine of Nazi party of Germany - anti- intellectual, emphasized the will of a "superman" - ferocious nationalism, belief in Aryan race - mass psychology and mass propaganda; control |
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Bolshevism |
- created when the Bolsheviks came to power in 1918 after the revolution - opposition movement to capitalist and monarchical ideas |
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Stalinism |
- political and economic system implemented by Stalin between 1934 and 1953 - was authoritarian, extensive propaganda, secret police - command economy (everything mandated by state) - collectivized agriculture, implemented Five Year Plans |
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Kristallnacht |
- night of broken glass, 1938 - many jews killed, buildings destroyed; many arrested and incarcerated into camps |
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Mao Zedong |
- Chinese Communist revolutionary, founding father of PRC - Used marxist-leninist theories, launched Great leap forward - 1966 started Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution to remove counter revolutionary parts of society --> class struggle, destruction - many human rights abuses, but led China out of imperialism into world power |
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Great Leap Forward |
- economic and social campagin by Communist Part of China from 1958-1961 under Mao - Goal was to quickly industrialize to provide a base for a socialist society - Introduction of agricultural collectivization; development of small steel furnaces in backyards - helped cause Great Chinese famine --> efforts stopped 1961 |
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Hiroshima |
- key center for Japanese during WWII - Little Boy dropped August 6th 1945, very deadly and destructive - failed to elicit Japanese surrender at first - led to age of atomic warfare = MAD and the cold war |
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Stumbling Stones (Stolperstine) ON THE EXAM |
- engraved commemoration of Jews who were taken from certain places to Nazi concentration camps - started by private citizen who just put them in - controversial bc negative image for germans, memory, put in public places |
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Paul Von Lettow Vorbeck (not on the exam) |
German army general in East African during WWI |
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Aritomo |
- author of "Race War" - Japan and China should support each others interests as rivalry between whites and colored races grows - leader of Meiji Restoration, was prime minister twice |
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Nelson Mandela |
- leader of anti-apartheid movement - symbol against imperialism |
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Rape of Nanking |
- December 12, 1937 - Japanese army invaded, 40 day massacre, rape, looting - 300 thousand died |
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Hugo Chavez |
- president of Venezuela 1999-2013 - leader of socialist party w/ some authroitarian streaks - nationalized industries (oil), instituted reforms - by the end, high inflation and goods shortages |
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United Nations |
- intergovernmental org to promote cooperation - established post WWII 1945 - policy dominated by US, way to express its global power |
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Globalization (not on the exam) |
process of international integration arising from interchange of world views, products, ideas, culture |
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League of Nations |
- one of Wilson's 14 points, set up after WWI; was turned down by US, USSR not involved - result of Paris Peace Conference, 1920 - goal was peace through collective security and disarmament - lacked power |
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Manifest Destiny (not on the exam) |
- 1840s, people thought it was God's to go west, spread culture and Christian faith - kept gaining land from other powers |
