18-19

Front 1

Jose Marti

Back 1

Cuban poet and journalist in exile in New York launched a revolution in 1895. He organized Cuban resistance against Spain, using an active guerrilla campaign and deliberately destroying property, especially American owned sugar mills and plantations. This was all in an effort to get America involved in freeing Cuba.

Front 2

Hearst and Pulitzer

Back 2

Joseph Pulitzer writer and creator of the Yellow Press. Led people to believe that the situations occurring in Cuba were worse, that they were in reality.

William Randolph Hearst another writer and creator of the Yellow Press. Deceived the people to believe that the problems in Cuba were worse than they actually were.

Front 3

Yellow Journalism

Back 3

exaggerates the news to lure and enrage readers. (William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer)

Front 4

Panama Canal

Back 4

cutting across Central America to greatly reduce travel time between the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans.

-In 1800, a French company had tried to build a canal in Panama.

-After 10 years, the company gave up and sold its route to the US for $40 million.

-1903- Panama declared its independence from Columbia.

-The US and Panama signed a treaty stating that the US would agree to pay Panama $10 million plus the annual rent of $250,000 for the Canal zone.

Constructing the Canal- ranks as one the world's greatest engineering feats.

-Work began in 1904 and by 1913, the climax of construction, more than 43,000 workers were employed. Over 5,000 died of accidents and disease.

-The cost of the canal was about $380 million.

-August 1914, the Canal opened for business.

-US later compensated Columbia $25 million in 1921 for the country's lost territory.

Front 5

Roosevelt Collary

Back 5

Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force

Front 6

Missionary Diplomacy

Back 6

Woodrow Wilson's policy contingent on the belief that it was America's responsibility and destiny to spread its institutions and values to the far corners of the globe; also called "moral diplomacy"

Front 7

Dollar Diplomacy

Back 7

President Taft's policy of linking American business interests to diplomatic interests abroad

Front 8

Schlieffen Plan

Back 8

Schlieffen Plan Attack plan by Germans, proposed by Schliffen, lightning quick attack against France. Proposed to go through Belgium then attack France, Belgium resisted, other countries took up their aid, long fight, used trench warfare.

Front 9

WWI and causes

Back 9

Militarism

Alliances

Imperialism

Nationalism

(Also the assignation of Archduke Ferdinand)

Front 10

US stance at beginning of war

Back 10

Neutral

Front 11

How did US enter the war

Back 11

The first and foremost answer would be the sinking of the Lusitania, an British cruise/transport ship, bound for Britain from New York. The German U-boat ring sought to sink all supply ships headed for Britain in order to starve the island. It sank the Lusitania as part of its efforts. 1195 people died, including 128 Americans.

The Lusitania's sinking was the biggest influence on the American decision to enter the war. German submarine warfare (the Lusitania is included in this) sunk many ships over several years.

Front 12

Espionage and Sedition Act

Back 12

Under these acts, a person could be fined up to $10,000 and sentenced to 20 years in jail for interfering with the war effort or for saying anything disloyal, profane, or abusive about the government or the war effort.

Front 13

Selective Service Act

Back 13

This was a law enacted in 1917, that required men to register for military service.

Front 14

14 points

Back 14

These were president Woodrow Wilson's war strategies. They included five main issues that Wilson believed had to be addressed to prevent another war, and the other eight points dealt with boundary changes. The fourteenth point called for the creation of an international organization to address diplomatic crises.

Front 15

Teddy Roosevelt and Rough Riders

Back 15

-A volunteer cavalry under the command of Leonard Wood and Theodore Roosevelt, who gave up his job as the Assistant Secretary of the Navy to lead the group.

Front 16

League of Nations

Back 16

an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations.

Front 17

Treaty of Versailles

Back 17

the treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans.

Front 18

Russo-Japanese War

Back 18

(1904–05), military conflict in which a victorious Japan forced Russia to abandon its expansionist policy in the Far East, becoming the first Asian power in modern times to defeat a European power.

Front 19

Foraker Act

Back 19

an act made for the benefit of the Puerto Rican people. Gave them a popular govt. and also gave them U.S citizenship. This led to major improvements in sanitation, education, and transportation in Puerto Rico

Front 20

Spanish American War and causes

Back 20

Section 2: The Spanish-American War

-In 1898, the US went to war to help Cuba win its independence from Spain.

Cubans Rebel against Spain

-By the end of the 19th century, Spain- once the most powerful colonial nation on earth- had lost most of its colonies.

-The US had long held an interest in Cuba, which lies only 90 miles south of Florida. (Sugar)

-While President Pierce was in office he offered to buy Cuba from Spain. The Spanish responded by saying that they would rather see Cuba sink in the ocean.

-When the Cubans rebelled against Spain, between 1868 in 1878, American sympathies went out to the Cuban people.

The Second War for Independence

-Anti-Spanish sentiment in Cuba soon erupted into a second war for independence.

*José Marti- a Cuban poet and journalist in exile in New York launched a revolution in 1895. He organized Cuban resistance against Spain, using an active guerrilla campaign and deliberately destroying property, especially American owned sugar mills and plantations. This was all in an effort to get America involved in freeing Cuba.

War Fever Escalates

-In 1896, Spain responded to the Cuban revolt by sending *General Valeriano Weyler- to Cuba to restore order.

*Yellow Journalism- exaggerates the news to lure and enrage readers. (William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer)

The De Lome Letter

-In February 1898, the New York Journal published a private letter written by Enrique Dupuy De Lome, the Spanish minister to the United States.

-A Cuban rebel had stolen the letter from a Havana post office and leaked it to the newspaper, which was thirsty for a scandal.

-The letter criticized President McKinley, calling him “weak” and “a bidder for the admiration of the crowd.”

-Americans were angry over the insult to their president.

The USS Maine Explodes (Feb 1898)

-A few days after the De Lome letter, an American ship blew up in the harbor of Havana. More than 260 men were killed.

-President McKinley had ordered the USS Maine to Cuba to bring home American citizens in danger from the fighting, and to protect American property.

-At the time, no one really knew why the ship exploded; however, American newspapers claimed that the Spanish had blown up the ship.

War with Spain Erupts

-War cry "Remember the Maine!"

-Public opinion favored war. April 20, 1898 the US declared war on Spain.

Front 21

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Back 21

as an admiral in the Navy, he urged the government to build American naval power in order to compete with other powerful nations.

-The US Navy would soon become the 3rd largest in the world.

Front 22

Platt Amendment

Back 22

series of provisions that, in 1901, the US insisted Cuba add to its new constitution, commanding Cuba to stay out of debt and giving the US the right to intervene in the country and the right to buy or lease Cuban land for naval and fueling stations.

-It remained in effect for 31 years. Cuba became a US *protectorate- a country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger nation.

Front 23

Monroe Doctrine

Back 23

1. U.S. neutral in Europe's affairs.

2. U.S. wouldn't interfere in European colonies that were in the western hemisphere.

3. There would be no further colonization in the western hemisphere.

4. European control of any nation in the western hemisphere would be viewed as hostile.

Front 24

Open Door Policy

Back 24

Open Door Policy A policy that asked powerful and influential countries to respect Chinese rights and promote fair trade with low tariffs. This policy was accepted by other countries and prevented any country from creating a monopoly on Chinese trade.

Front 25

Boxer Rebellion

Back 25

Boxer Rebellion 1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops