Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Metabolic pathways of cellular respiration are (1) |
Essential for producing energy from energy-rich respiratory substrates which is used to regenerate atp |
|
|
|
Metabolic pathways of cellular respiration are (2) |
Interconnected with many other metabolic pathways |
|
|
|
Metabolic pathways of cellular respiration are (3) |
Each controlled by a specific enzyme eg dehydrogenases release hydrogen ions and decarboxylases release carbon dioxide |
|
|
|
Metabolic pathways of cellular respiration are (3) |
Either aerobic or anaerobic |
|
|
|
Cellular respiration is ultimately about |
Breaking glucose down by using dehydrogenase enzymes to remove hydrogen ions and electrons was and releasing atp in the process |
|
|
|
Oxidation |
Hydrogen ions are removed releasing energy in the process |
|
|
|
Reduction |
Hydrogen ions are added which requires energy in the process |
|
|
|
Adenosine triphosphate |
High energy compound which transfers chemical energy from catabolic reactions to anabolic reactions |
|
|
|
A molecule of ATP is made up of |
One adenosine molecule and three inorganic phosphates |
|
|
|
Breakdown of ATP |
When the bond attaching the Last inorganic phosphate group is broken energy is released. ADP and an inorganic phosphate are produced |
|
|
|
Regeneration of ATP |
When a phosphate is added to ADP energy is required and ATP is formed |
|
|
|
Phosphorylation |
Enzyme controlled process which a phosphate group is added to a molecule |
|
|
|
Why do metabolic reactions depend on phosphorylation |
To make the metabolites more reactive |
|
|
|
What happens if the metabolites are not phosphorylated |
The metabolic pathways becomes blocked |
|
|
|
Three stages of respiration |
Glycolysis Citric acid cycle Electron transport chain |
|
|
|
Glycolysis |
Breakdown of six carbon glucose into two molecules of three carbon pyruvate |
|
|
|
Where does glycolysis take place |
Cytoplasm |
|
|
|
What are the steps of glycolysis called |
First one- energy investment phase Second one- energy payoff phase |
|
|
|
Energy investment phase |
There are two steps where the intermediate metabolites are phosphorylated. This costs r cell two ATP but leads to the direct the direct generation of 4 more ATP in the energy payoff phase |
|
|
|
Energy payoff phase |
Hydrogen ions and electrons are removed from a substrate by a dehydrogenase enzyme. These are then passed to a Coenzyme molecule called NAD to form NADH |
|
|
|
Coenzymes |
Small non protein molecules which combine temporarily with an enzyme to allow a reaction to proceed |
|
|
|
Glycolysis fact 1 |
It requires no oxygen but NADH only leads to the production of further molecules of ATP at later stages if oxygen is present |
|
|
|
Citric acid cycle |
Takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria and will only proceed if oxygen is present |
|
|
|
Before the citric acid cycle |
Carbon dioxide is pro reduced as a waste product of respiration The two three carbon probs water molecules are broken down to a two carbon acetyl group and one carbon The acetyl group combines with coenzyme a to form acetyl coenzyme A
|
|
|
|
During the citric acid cycle |
Acetyl coenzyme a combined with a four carbon compound called oxaloacetate. This then forms six carbon compound |
|
|
|
During the citric acid cycle |
2 carbon acetyl coenzyme A combined with a four carbon compound called oxaloacetate forming the 6 carbon compound called citrate and enters the citric acid cycle |
2 carbon acetyl coenzyme A combined with a four carbon compound called oxaloacetate forming the 6 carbon compound called citrate and enters the citric acid cycle |
