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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three most important types of antianxiety and hypnotic drugs? |
- Benzodiazepines - Non-benzodiazepines ("Z-drugs") - Barbiturates |
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Mechanism of action of benzodiazepines? |
Bind to an allosteric binding site on the GABA-A receptor, which increases the receptor's affinity for GABA. This fascilitates inflow of chloride, which hyperpolarizes the cells. This allosteric binding site is not the same site as barbiturates, Z-drugs and alcohol bind to. |
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Name some short-acting benzodiazepines |
Oxazepam, midazolam, alprazolam |
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Name some long-acting benzodiazepines |
Diazepam |
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Which drugs can be used as an antidote for benzodiazepines, and what is its mechanism of action? |
Flumazenil. It's a competitive antagonist for the allosteric binding site that benzos bind to. |
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Name two barbiturates |
Phenobarbital, thiopental |
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Why are barbiturates no longer widely used? |
Due to their severe side effects, including hypotension, respiratory depression. |
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What is the indication of thiopental? |
Induction of general anaesthesia |
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What is the indication of phenobarbital? |
To treat seizures |
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What is the mechanism of action for barbiturates? |
Bind to an allosteric binding site on the GABA-A receptor, which increases the receptor's affinity for GABA. This fascilitates inflow of chloride, which hyperpolarizes the cells. This allosteric binding site is not the same site as benzodiazepines, Z-drugs and alcohol bind to. |
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Name some nonbenzodiazepines ("Z-drugs") |
Zolpidem, zopiclone |
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What is the advantage of nonbenzodiazepines over benzos as hypnotics? |
They cause minimal respiratory depression, less daily fatigues and have lesser addictive potential. |
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What is the mechanism of action of nonbenzodiazepines? |
Bind to an allosteric binding site on the GABA-A receptor, which increases the receptor's affinity for GABA. This fascilitates inflow of chloride, which hyperpolarizes the cells. This allosteric binding site is the same site as benzodiazepines bind to. |
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What is the antidote for nonbenzodiazepines? |
Flumazenil |
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Name the anxiolytic which has no sedative potential and is not a benzo, Z-drug or barbiturate |
Buspirone |
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What is the mechanism of action of buspirone? |
Buspirone is a serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonist. |
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What are the indications for benzodiazepines? |
Anxiety, panic disorders, seizures, insomnia and alcohol withdrawal |
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How do barbiturates interact with other drugs? |
They are CYP inducers |
