14028, At3 Ch 1

Front 1

What are the three broad categories of
measurement?

Back 1

a. Magnitude
b. Direction
c. Time

Front 2

What unit of measurement is used to
express scientific measurements?

Back 2

Metric unit of measurement

Front 3

Match the element being measured with the
metric term used to express the
measurement.
1. Distance a. Kilogram
2. Time b. Second
3. Mass c. Meter

Back 3

ELEMENT METRIC TERM
1. Distance c . Meters
2. Time a . Seconds
3. Mass c. Kilograms

Front 4

What is the English equivalent of 1 meter?

Back 4

Approximately 1 yard

Front 5

What is the difference between the mass of
a body and the weight of a body?

Back 5

The mass of- the body is the measure of the quantity of matter
that the body contains, and it does not change. The weight of
a body is the force that attracts toward earth.

Front 6

What is meant when a person is described as weighing 195 pounds?

Back 6

The person has the same pull of gravity that a mass of 195 would
have when located near sea level.

Front 7

How are derived units constructed?

Back 7

They are based on combinations of two or three fundamental
units expressed as some combination of these units. For example,
the watt could be written as a joule per second.

Front 8

Speed and velocity are sometimes used us
if they meant the same thing. What is the
difference between speed and velocity?

Back 8

Velocity is a vector quantity; it is speed in a given direction, while
speed is a body moving along a path with no reference being made
to direction.

Front 9

What term is defined as the work done in
lifting 1 pound a distance of 1 foot against
the force of gravity?

Back 9

Foot-pound

Front 10

List the measurements included in the units
of power.

Back 10

a. Force
b. Distance
c. Time

Front 11

What relationship is defined by the
equation E=mc2?

Back 11

The law of conservation for energy and matter which states that
“Although the total amount of matter and energy remains
constant, matter can be converted into energy or energy into
matter.”

Front 12

Name the concept of the statement “Two
objects can’t occupy the same space at the
same time.”

Back 12

Impenetrability of matter.

Front 13

What action must be applied to an object
to overcome inertia?

Back 13

A push or pull that exerts a force on the body.

Front 14

What is meant by the term acceleration?

Back 14

An increase or decrease in speed and/or a change in direction
of motion.

Front 15

Why is force considered a vector quantity?

Back 15

Because it has both direction and magnitude.

Front 16

In the English system of measurement, what
force is expressed in pounds?

Back 16

The gravitational force exerted by the earth on the body, known
as weight of that body, expressed in force units.

Front 17

How is the density of a substance
described?

Back 17

It is its weight per unit volume.

Front 18

How is the specific gravity of a substance
described?

Back 18

It is the ratio of the density of the substance to the density of
water.

Front 19

Moving bodies have energy because they
can do work. What term describes the
energy of mass in motion?

Back 19

Kinetic energy.

Front 20

What gives a substance its distinguishing
characteristics?

Back 20

The combination and arrangement of the subatomic particles.

Front 21

List the three subatomic particles of the
atom.

Back 21

Electron, proton, and neutron.

Front 22

What is a balanced atom?

Back 22

An atom that contains an equal number of protons and
neutrons.

Front 23

How is the atomic number of an element
determined?

Back 23

By the number of protons in its nucleus.

Front 24

How is the atomic weight of an element
determined?

Back 24

By the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus.

Front 25

The outer electron shell of each atom of an
element is completely filled. What type of
element is this?

Back 25

Inert.

Front 26

Name the smallest unit that exhibits the
distinguishing characteristics of a compound.

Back 26

Molecule.

Front 27

In forming a compound, what part of the
atom changes?

Back 27

The electron outer shell only. There is no change in the nucleus
of either atom, and the total number of electron ’s hasn’t changed,
they’ve been rearranged.

Front 28

List the states of matter.

Back 28

a. Solid
b. Liquid
c. Gas

Front 29

List the common properties of solids.

Back 29

a. Cohesion and adhesion
b. Tensile strength
c. Ductility
d. Malleability
e. Hardness
f. Brittleness
g. Elasticity

Front 30

List the advantages of liquids as applied to
aviation.

Back 30

a. Component parts of a system can be placed at separated
points
b. Hydraulic energy is transmitted around corners without gears
and levers

Front 31

What is one of the main uses of absolute
zero?

Back 31

To study the kinetic theory of gases.

Front 32

List the absolute zero points on the Kelvin
and Celsius scales.

Back 32

a. 0 Kelvin
b. -273° Celsius

Front 33

Name the person who formulated the
following conclusion: “For a constant
temperature, the product of the volume
and pressure of an enclosed gas remains
constant.”

Back 33

Boyle.

Front 34

Charles’ law states that ________________.

Back 34

“All gases expand and contract in direct proportion to the change
in the absolute temperature, pro vialed the pressure is held
constant.”

Front 35

Name the branch of physics that deals with
force, mass, and motion.

Back 35

Mechanics.

Front 36

Describe the point of an object that is its
center of gravity.

Back 36

The point where a single force, equal to the gravitational force
and directed up, sustains the body at rest.

Front 37

List the two classes of circular motion.

Back 37

Rotation and revolution.

Front 38

Generally, a gyro rotor (a) revolves or (b)
rotates about its axis.

Back 38

Rotates about its axis.

Front 39

What type of force is an accelerating force
applied to the center of gravity of a body
so that the body is accelerated with no
rotation?

Back 39

A translational force.

Front 40

How much power is being expended if a
man lifts 50 pounds 5 feet to put it on a
shelf in 15 seconds?

Back 40

a. First, solve for amount of work being done:
work = force x distance, or
work = 50 x 5 = 225 foot-pounds of work
b. Next, solve for power expanded to do the work:
power = work/time, or
power = 225/15 = 15 foot-pounds per second

Front 41

When does an object have potential energy?

Back 41

When it can do work, such as a wound clock spring or a cylinder
of compressed gas.

Front 42

What is lost whenever energy is expended?

Back 42

Efficiency.

Front 43

What is the most common reason for
efficiency loss in mechanical physics?

Back 43

Friction.

Front 44

What type of bearing is used in many types
of machinery to minimize friction and
maximize efficiency?

Back 44

Self-lubricating bearings.

Front 45

Name the principle that allows man to accomplish
work that he normally could not do.

Back 45

Mechanical advantage.

Front 46

What force prevents a revolving object
from continuing along a straight line?

Back 46

Centripetal force.

Front 47

When an object is revolving, what force
tries to oppose centripetal force?

Back 47

Centrifugal force.

Front 48

What are the characteristics that all types
of waves have in common?

Back 48

a. Transmission
b. Reflection
c. Refraction
d. Absorption

Front 49

Energy is transferred in a medium by a
disturbance that may have an elastic
deformation, a pressure variation, an
electric or magnetic intensity, an electric
potential, o r temperature. Continuous
variations induced in to a medium is known
as a?

Back 49

Wave train. This is a series of waves produced by continuous
variations.

Front 50

Electromagnetic waves are what types of
waves?

Back 50

They are transverse waves because the disturbance takes place
at right angles to the direction of propagation.

Front 51

Air is elastic; therefore, a disturbance is
transmitted progressively out ward as a
compression wave. What type of waves
behave in this manner?

Back 51

Longitudinal waves. They behave this way because the
disturbance takes place in the direction of propagation. The waves
move back and forth in the direction of wave travel.

Front 52

How are standing waves produced?

Back 52

They are produced by two wave trains of the same type and equal
frequency traveling in opposite directions in the same medium.
As two waves traveling in opposite directions meet, they combine
with each other, and they cease to exist in their original
form.

Front 53

A ray is traveling through a medium in a
straight line. What would cause the ray to
change its direction?

Back 53

It would change its direction if it reached the boundary of a media
or if it reached an area within the media where the velocity of
propagation of the wave changes.

Front 54

What happens when a wave is directed
against a reflecting surface?

Back 54

The wave is thrown back from the surface. The ray that strikes
the surface is the incident ray and the ray the bounces back is
the reflected ray.

Front 55

“The angle of incidence is equal to the angle
of reflection.” What is meant by this
statement?

Back 55

The path of a ray reflected from a surface forms an angle that
is exactly equal to the one formed by the path of the ray reaching
the medium (law of reflection).

Front 56

As a wave passes from one medium into
another, what causes refraction?

Back 56

As a wave travels through one medium it is traveling at a specific
velocity of propagation. When it reaches a new medium, the
velocity of propagation changes. If the ray is not perpendicular
to the boundary between the two media, the ray will change
direction and bend. This is known as refraction.

Front 57

What are the two factors that determine the
angle of refraction?

Back 57

a. The angle of incidence
b. The index of refraction

Front 58

What causes diffraction?

Back 58

Diffraction occurs when the path of waves is bent because of
an obstruction.

Front 59

What is the cause of the Doppler effect?

Back 59

The relative motion between the source of a wave and a detector
of that wave. The frequency of the wave at the detector position
differs from the frequency of the wave at the source.

Front 60

In the radiation theory, heat is generally
treated the same way as several forms of
energy. List these forms.

Back 60

a. Radio waves
b. Heat
c. Light

Front 61

List the three methods of heat transfer.

Back 61

a. Conduction
b. Convection
c. Radiation

Front 62

Wood handles are used on soldering irons
because they are ______________________.

Back 62

Poor conductors of heat

Front 63

In what state is matter the poorest
conductor of heat?

Back 63

Gas

Front 64

Convection is the process of heat transfer
by means of a hot fluid. Name the aid used
in airborne installations to aid convection.

Back 64

Fans and blowers

Front 65

For an object to become a good absorber
of heat, it is normally painted _________.

Back 65

Dull black

Front 66

Convert 96°F to the Celsius scale.

Back 66

5/9(96 - 32) = 5/9 * 64 = 35.5 DEGREES CELCIUS

Front 67

List the four types of scales.

Back 67

a. Celsius
b. Fahrenheit
c. Kelvin
d. Rankine

Front 68

What principle is involved in temperaturesensitive
switches?

Back 68

Coefficient of linear expansion.

Front 69

What type of thermometer is usually used
in the laboratory? In aircraft?

Back 69

The liquid thermometer is usually used in the laboratory white
the solid thermometer is used in aircraft.

Front 70

What other principle is used to construct
a thermometer?

Back 70

The principle of the compound bar.

Front 71

What effect does the heat of fusion have
on solder?

Back 71

It causes it to become mushy before it melts; that is, it flows
at a very slow rate.

Front 72

List the effects on light waves when they
meet a substance.

Back 72

a. Transmitted through the substance.
b. Reflected by the substance
c. Absorbed by the substance

Front 73

What is meant by the term luminous
intensity?

Back 73

It is the total light produced by a source.

Front 74

What is meant by the term intensity of
illumination?

Back 74

It is the amount of light received per unit area at a distance from the source.

Front 75

What is measured by the footcandle?

Back 75

Intensity of incident light.

Front 76

What term is usually used to describe the
output of a light bulb?

Back 76

lumen.

Front 77

What are the principle uses of reflectors?

Back 77

a. To focus a beam of light
b. To change the direction of a light beam.
c. To intensify the illumination of an area.

Front 78

What happens when light passes through
a transparent substance?

Back 78

It is refracted.

Front 79

List the objects that act as refractors.

Back 79

a. Prisms
b. Positive lenses
c. Negative lenses

Front 80

Name the primary colors of light frequencies.

Back 80

a. Red
b. Green
c. Blue

Front 81

If you mix the primary colors together,
what is the result?

Back 81

White light.

Front 82

List the three components that are required
by sound.

Back 82

a. A source
b. A medium for transmission
c. A detector

Front 83

List the two properties of a medium that
govern the velocity of sound as it passes
through the medium.

Back 83

a. Density
b. Elasticity

Front 84

Sound travels faster in liquids and solids
than in gases even though liquids and gases
are more dense. Why will sound travel
faster in water than it does in air?

Back 84

Because of the elasticity of water, sound travels over four times faster in water than in air. The coefficient of elasticity for water is 15,230 times that of air.

Front 85

The velocity of sound is lower at high
altitudes. Explain why this is so.

Back 85

Velocity is constant in a medium when temperature is constant. If temperature rises, density diminishes, and the velocity of sound increases. Therefore, if temperature drops, density increases, and the velocity of sound decreases. Because air temperature is normally lower at high altitudes, the velocity of sound is lower.

Front 86

List the three characteristics of sound.

Back 86

a. Pitch
b. Intensity
c. Quality

Front 87

What two terms describe the range of sound
the human ear can distinguish?

Back 87

The threshold of audibility and the threshold of feeling.

Front 88

How do sound units vary with amplitude of
variations?

Back 88

Units of sound vary logarithmically with the amplitude of the sound variations.

Front 89

The units of sound measurement are the bel
and the decibel. They vary logarithmically with
the amplitude of the sound variations. To what do
the bel and the decibel refer?

Back 89

The bel and the decibel refer to the difference between sounds of unequal intensity or sound levels. The decibel describes the ratio of two sound levels.

Front 90

In sound-system engineering, what ratio does
dB express?

Back 90

The ratio between electrical powers or between acoustical powers.

Front 91

What is the arbitrary zero reference level
used to describe the loudness of sounds?

Back 91

The zero reference level is the sound produced by 10 to the negative 16th watts per square centimeter of surface area that faces the source. It is the least sound perceptible to the ear and is also known as the threshold of audibility.

Front 92

Name some of the uses of the decibel as it
is used to express an electrical power ratio.

Back 92

a. Gain of an amplifier
b. The output of a microphone
c. The power in a circuit compared to an arbitrarily chosen reference level

Front 93

What type of acoustical disturbance causes
an echo?

Back 93

A reflection of sound waves

Front 94

A loudspeaker is being used in a fairly large
room and is producing considerable echo
that limits the usefulness of the speaker.
List four ways that the effects of echo can
be corrected or modified.

Back 94

a. Cover the surface with a material that absorbs sound and reduces the intensity of the reflected sound.
b. Change the contour of the surface and aim the reclected sound in another direction
c. Change the position of the loudspeaker
d. Vary the amplitude or pitch of the signal

Front 95

What is the effect of excessive reverberation
in a large area when a loudspeaker is being
used?

Back 95

Sound becomes confusing and speech in unintelligible.

Front 96

Describe action that can be taken to lessen
or eliminate reverberation in a large area,
such as a hangar deck.

Back 96

Mount several speakers in the area. This action allows speech to be heard in a reverberant space. Also, the power requirements should remain the same; for example, use five speakers consuming 5 watts instead of one speaker consuming 25 watts.

Front 97

Describe the effect of beat frequency.

Back 97

Two waves traveling in the same direction and having different frequencies porduce additive disturbances at some points and subtractive disturbances at other points on relative positions of the waves. The resultant wave has a periodic variation in intensity at a frequency equal to the difference between the original frequencies of the components waves. This difference frequency (beat frequency) produces a pulsating interference of alternately loud and soft pulses or throbs.

Front 98

Why is resonance potentially a serious
problem?

Back 98

Because it can damage equipment.