Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Do Mycobacteria produce toxins?
|
NOPE
|
|
|
2 ways in which Mycobacteria damage the host
|
Inflammatory
Hypersensitivity response (DTH = Type 4) |
|
|
Agent that causes TB
|
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Homonis (Koch's Bacillus)
|
|
|
Other name for Mycobacterium Leprae
|
Hansen's Bacillus
|
|
|
Trasmission route of TB
|
DROPLET (larger than aerosols)
|
|
|
Mycobacterium TB is resistant to ________
|
drying
*surfaces must be disinfected to prevent spread |
|
|
Total cases of TB worldwide
|
88 M
|
|
|
Portion of the world infected with TB
|
1/3
|
|
|
# of TB deaths annually
|
1-3 M
*highest mortality for any infectious disease |
|
|
When did TB rates in US climb?
|
1985 with the rise of MDR strains and AIDS
|
|
|
Doubling time for TB
|
24 hours
|
|
|
How long are cultures kept before being declared negative?
|
6 weeks
*6 months with solid media |
|
|
Modern laboratories should be using ______ media to decrease incubation times
|
liquid
|
|
|
Modern laboratories should be capable of doing a sputum smear for ______ within 4 hours
|
Acid-fast bacteria
|
|
|
Solid media for TB
|
Lowenstein-Jenson media
|
|
|
Immunofluorescent stain for TB
|
Auromine-Rhodamine
|
|
|
Colony morphology of TB
|
Bread crumb look
|
|
|
TB liquid growth media
|
Bactec
|
|
|
Virulence factor that causes TB to stick together
|
Cord Factor
|
|
|
Primary TB characteristics
|
Self-limited in 95% of cases
Asymptomatic Ghon Complex |
|
|
What is a Ghon Complex
|
Granuloma in the upper Lung and Mediastinal (hilar) Lymph Node
|
|
|
Progressive Primary TB only occcurs in these 2 groups of people
|
IC'ed Adults
Children -> TB meningitis |
|
|
Secondary Miliary spread via a Pulmonary Vein results in...
|
organisms return to the left ventricle and pumped throughout the body
|
|
|
Secondary Miliary spread via Pulmonary ARTERY results in...
|
spread within the lung
Hematemesis/Hemoptysis |
|
|
What to look for when reading PPD skin test
|
Induration
|
|
|
Vaccine used for TB
|
BCG vaccine = live attenuated
|
|
|
Why is BCG not used in US?
|
because TB clinical symptoms is rare in US and we want to be able to test for exposure
|
|
|
BCG's only clinical use in the US
|
used for treating Bladder Cancer
|
|
|
What does TB do to the brain?
|
TB Meningitis can obstruct the flow of CSF leading the Hydrocephalus
|
|
|
Site of brain most often affected by TB
|
Base where CN are located
|
|
|
2 ways of getting GI tuberculosis
|
1. swallowing expectorated TB from lungs
2. M. bovis ingested via contaminated milk |
|
|
Most common agent of Mycobacterial Entercolitis
|
M. Avium Intracellulare
|
|
|
GI MAI almost occurs exclusively in these people
|
Late stage HIV
|
|
|
1st bacterium ever discovered
|
M. leprae
|
|
|
2 clinical forms of Leprosy
|
1. Lepromatous (worse)
2. Tuberculoid |
|
|
M. leprae prefers these areas of body
|
cooler areas of skin, such as face and extremities
|
|
|
Transmission of M. leprae
|
PROLONGED, close contact
|
|
|
Animal M. leprae is found in
|
Armadillos
|
|
|
M. leprae cannot be cultivated on...
Can be cultivated on... |
artificial media
Mouse foot-pads |
|
|
Accurate diagnosis of leprosy relies on....
|
skin biopsy that is compatible with the clinical picture
|
|
|
Mycobacterium Avium Intracellulare primarily causes a disseminated disease in ________
|
IC'ed hosts
|
|
|
MAI can cause this disease in normal hosts
|
Chronic lung disease
|
|
|
CD4 count when MAI usually infects
|
<50
|
|
|
MAI colony morphology
|
condom-looking
|
|
|
2 cases where M. kansasii may present
|
1. old person with pre-existing lung disease
2. young person with HIV |
|
|
Mycobacterium Avium Intracellulare
|
What mircobe is this?
|
