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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
atria
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upper chambers of the hear
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coronary arteries
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blood vessels that supply blood to the myocardium
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atrioventricular node
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electrical impulses slow here to allow blood to move from the atria to the ventricles
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myocardium
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heart muscle
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sinus node
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electrical impulses begin here
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venae cavae
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carry oxygen poor blood back to the heart
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ventricles
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lower chambers of the heart
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aorta
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body main artery
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atherosclerosis
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calcium and cholesterol buildup inside blood vessels
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arrythmia
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abnormal heart rhythm
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ischemia
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lack of oxygen
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infarction
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tissue death
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tachycardia
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unusually high heart rhythm more than 100 beats/min
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asystole
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absence of heart electrical activity
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bradycardia
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unusual slow heart rhythm less than 60 beats/min
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thromboembolism
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blood clot floating through blood vessels until it reaches a narrow area and blocks blood flow
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swollen ankles, rales
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congestive heart failure
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sudden tearing, seperation of lining, potential fr great blood loss
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dissecting aneurysm
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heart lacks pumping power, low blood pressure
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cardiogenic shock
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severe headache, bounding pulses, ringing in ears
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hypertensive emergencvy
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pulseless, apneic
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cardiac arrest
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exerternal chest pain, relieved by nitroglycerin
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angina pectoris
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complete blockage of coronary artery
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acute myocardial infarction
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____ allows a cardiac muscle cell to contract spontaneously without a stimulus from a nerve source
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automaticity
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the aorta receives its blood supply from the
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left ventricle
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blood enters the right atrium from the body through the
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vena cava
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the only vein in the body that carry oxygenated blood is/are the
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pulmonary veins
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normal electrical impulses originate in the sinus node, just above the
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atria
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dilation of the coronary arteries ____ blood flow
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increases
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the _____ are tiny blood vessels that are approximately one cell thick
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capillaries
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___ carry oxygen to the bodys tissues and then remove carbon dioxide
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red blood cells
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___ is the maximum pressure by the left ventricle as it contracts
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systolic blood pressure
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atherosclerosis can lead to a complete ___ of the coronary artery
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occlusion
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the lumen of an artery may be partially or completely blocked by the blood clotting system due to a ___ that exposes the inside of the atherosclerotic
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crack
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tissues downstream from a blood clot will suffer from lack of oxygen. if blood flow is resumed in a short time, the _____ tissue will recover
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ischemic
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tissues downstream from a blood clot will suffer from lack of oxygen. if blood flow is resumed in a short time, the ___ tissue will recover
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increased activity level
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risk factors for myocardial infarction include
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male gender
high blood pressure stress |
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when, for a brief time, heart tissue do not get enough oxygen, the pain is called
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angina
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angina pain may be felt in the
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epigastrium
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the underlying cause of a dissecting aortic aneurysm is
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uncontrolled hypertension
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because the oxygen supply to the heart is diminished with angina, the ____ can become compromised, putting the person at risk for significant cardiac rhythm problems
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electrical system
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about ____ min after blood flow is cut off, some heart muscle cells begin to die
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10
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an acute myocardial infarction is more likely to occur in the larger, thick walled left ventricle, which needs more ____ than the right ventricle
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blood and oxygen
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what is congestive heart failure
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can be caused by diseased heart valves
it can be treated by nitroglycerin ankle edema is common |
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cardiogenic shock can occur within 24 hours of a
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acute myocardial infarction
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sudden death is usually the result of ____ in which the heart fails to generate an effective blood flow
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cardiac arrest
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disorganized, ineffective quivering of the ventricles is known as
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ventricle fibrillation
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what is a cause of congestive heart failure
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chronic hypertension
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signs and symptoms of shock include
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elevated heart rate
pale, clammy skin air hunger |
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what changes in heart function occur in patients with CHF
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decrease in heart rate
enlargement of the right ventricle decrease in blood pressure |
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physical findings of AMI include skin that is ____ because of poor cardiac output and the loss of perfusion
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grey
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all patient assessments begin by determining whether the patient
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is responsive
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to assess chest pain, use the mnemonic
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OPQRST
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in OPQRST what does p stand for
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provocation
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in addition to angina and myocardial infarction, nitroglycerin can be used to treat
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CHF
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when administering nitroglycerin to a patient, you should make sure the patient has not taken any medications for ____ in the last 24 hours
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erectile dysfunction
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in general, a max of ____ doses of nitro are given for any one episode of chest pain
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three
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___ are inserted when the electrical-control system of the heart s so damaged it can not function properly
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pacemakers
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the computer inside the AED is specifically programmed to recognize rhythms that require defib to correct, most commonly
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ventricular fibrillation
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when the battery wears out in a pacemaker, the patient may experience
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syncope
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the AED should be applied only to unresponsive patients with no
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pulse
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___ usually refers to a state of cardiac arrest despite an organized electrical complex
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pulseless electrical activity
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the links in the chain of survival include
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early CPR
early defib early ALS |
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defrib works best if it takes place within ___ mins of the onset of cardiac arrest
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2
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TF the right side of the heart pumps oxygen rich blood to the body
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false
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TF in the normal heart, the need for increased blood flow to the myocardium is easily met by an increase in the heart rate
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false
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TF atherosclerosis results in narrowing of the lumen of coronary arteries
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true
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TF infarction is a temporary interruption of the blood supply to the tissues
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false
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TF angina can result from a spasm of the artery
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true
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TF nitro works in most patients within 5 mins to relieve the pain of AMI
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false
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TF if an AED malfunctions during use, you must report the problem to the manufacter and the dept of human resources
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false
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TF angina occurs when the hearts need for oxygen exceeds its supply
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true
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TF white blood cells are the most numerous cells in the blood and help the blood to clot
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false
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TF cardiac arrest in younger children is less common than in older children and is usually caused by a breathing problem
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true
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TF the pain of angina and AMI are easily distinguishable
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false
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TF an AED with special pediatric pads may be used on pediatric patients between 1 month and 8 years who are unresponsive, pulse less, and not breathing
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true
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TF dissecting aortic aneurysms are rarely considered life threatening
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false
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TF heart disease si the number one killer of women in the US
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true
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TF if a patient is complaining of chest pain has a history of AMI, you should ask if the pain feels similar to before
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true
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the heart is divided down the middle by a wall called the
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septum
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the ___ is the body main artery
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aorta
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the ___ ventricle pumps blood in through the pulmonary circulation
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right
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electrical impulses spread from the ___ node to the ventricles
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atrioventicular
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blood supply to the heart is increased by ___ of the coronary arteries
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dilation
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___ ___ cells remove carbon dioxide from the bodys tissue
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red blood
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___ blood pressure reflects the pressure on the calls of the arteries when the ventricle is at rest
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diastolic
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the heart has ___ chambers
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4
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the ___ side of the heart is more muscular because it must pump blood into the aorta and all the other arteries of the body
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left
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___ is the most effective way to assist a person with CHF to breathe effectively and to prevent invasive airway management techniques
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CPAP
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the collection of fluid in the part of the body that is closest to the ground is called
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dependent edema
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a hypertensive emergency usually occurs only with a systolic pressure greater than
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160
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in CHF, blood tends to back up in the ___ ___ increasing the pressure in the capillaries of the lungs
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pulmonary veins
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a late finding in cardiogenic shock would be a systolic blood pressure less than ___
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90
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damage to the ___ area of the heart often presents with bradycardia
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inferior
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