14-18

Front 1

Epidermis

Back 1

the outer, thinner layer of the skin that is composed of living and dead cells

Front 2

Dermis

Back 2

the thicker layer fo the skin beneath the epidermis that is made up of connective tissue and contains blood vessels and dead cells

Front 3

Melanin

Back 3

a pigment that gives the skin, hair, and iris of the eyes their color

Front 4

Sebaceous glands

Back 4

structures within the skin that produce an oily secretion called sebum

Front 5

Sweat glands

Back 5

structures within the dermis that secrete perspiration through ducts or pores on the skin’s surface.

Front 6

Melanoma

Back 6

the most serious form of skin cancer

Front 7

Hair follicle

Back 7

a structure that surrounds the root of a hair

Front 8

Dandruff

Back 8

a condition that can occur if the scalp becomes too dry and dead skin cells are shed as sticky, white flakes.

Front 9

Periodontium

Back 9

area immediately around the teeth

Front 10

Plaque

Back 10

a sticky, colorless film that acts on sugar to form acids that destroy tooth enamel and irritate gums.

Front 11

Halitosis

Back 11

bad breath

Front 12

Periodontal disease

Back 12

an inflammation of the periodontal structures, caused by bacterial infection.

Front 13

Tartar

Back 13

the hard, crustlike substance formed when plaque hardens.

Front 14

Lacrimal gland

Back 14

the gland that secretes tears in ducts that empty into the eye.

Front 15

Sclera

Back 15

the tough, white part of the eye, is composed of tough, fibrous tissue that protects the inner layrs of the eye and supports and shapes the eyeball

Front 16

Cornea

Back 16

a transparent tissue that bends and focuses light before it enters the lens

Front 17

Retina

Back 17

the light-sensitive membrane on which images are cast by the cornea.

Front 18

External auditory canal

Back 18

a passageway about one inch long that leads to the remaining portion of the outer ear, the eardrum.

Front 19

Auditory ossicles

Back 19

three small bones linked together that connect the eardrum to the inner ear.

Front 20

Labyrinth

Back 20

the inner ear

Front 21

Tinnitus

Back 21

a condition in which a ringing, buzzing, whistling, roaring, hissing, or other sound is heard in the ear in the absence of external sound.

Front 22

Axial skeleton

Back 22

consists of the 80 bones of the skull, spine, ribs, verebrae, and sernum, or breastbone.

Front 23

Ossification

Back 23

the process by which bone is formed, renewed, and repaired

Front 24

Ligament

Back 24

a band of fibrous, slightly elastic connective tissue that attaches bone to bone.

Front 25

Tendon

Back 25

fibrous cord that attaches muscle to the bone.

Front 26

Osteoporosis

Back 26

a condition in which progressive loss of bone tissue occurs

Front 27

Scoliosis

Back 27

a lateral, or side-to-side, curvature of the spine

Front 28

Repetitive motion injury

Back 28

damage to tissues caused by prolonged repeated movements

Front 29

Smooth muscles

Back 29

muscles that act on the lining of the passageways and internal organs.

Front 30

Skeletal muscles

Back 30

attached to bone and cause body movements.

Front 31

Flexor

Back 31

the muscle that closes a joint

Front 32

Extensor

Back 32

muscle that opens a joint.

Front 33

Cardiac muscle

Back 33

a type of striated muscles that forms the wall of the heart.

Front 34

Muscle tone

Back 34

the natural tension in the fibers of a muscle

Front 35

Tendonitis

Back 35

the inflammation of a tendon.

Front 36

Hernia

Back 36

occurs when an organ or tissue protrudes through an area of weak muscle

Front 37

Neurons

Back 37

nerve cells

Front 38

Cerebrum

Back 38

the largest and most complex part of the brain

Front 39

Crebellum

Back 39

the second largest part of the brain. Coordinates the movement of skeletal muscles.

Front 40

Brain stem

Back 40

a three-inch stalk of nerve cells and fibers that connects the spinal cord to the rest of the brain.

Front 41

Reflex

Back 41

a spontaneous response of the body to a stimulus, as when a doctor tests the knee-jerk reflex by tapping the ligament below the knee

Front 42

Epilepsy

Back 42

a disorder of the nervous system that is characterized by recurrent seizures-sudden episodes of uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain.

Front 43

Cerebral palsy

Back 43

a group of nonprogressive neruological disorders that are the result of damage to the brain before, during, or just after birth or in early childhood.

Front 44

Plamsa

Back 44

the fluid in which other parts of the blood are suspended.

Front 45

Hemoglobin

Back 45

the oxygen-carrying protein in blood

Front 46

Arteries

Back 46

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Front 47

Capillaries

Back 47

small vessels that carry blood between arterioles and small vessels called venules.

Front 48

Veins

Back 48

blood vessels that return blood to the heart.

Front 49

Platelets

Back 49

cells that prevent the body’s loss of blood.

Front 50

Lymph

Back 50

the clear fluid that fills the spaces around body cells

Front 51

Lymphocytes

Back 51

specialized white cells that provide the body with immunity and protect the body against pathogens.

Front 52

Blood pressure

Back 52

a measure of the amount of force that the blood places on the walls of blood vessels, particularly large arteries, as it is pumped through the body

Front 53

Congenital

Back 53

a condition that is present at birth

Front 54

Anemia

Back 54

a condition in which the ability of the blood to carry oxygen is reduced.

Front 55

Leukemia

Back 55

a form of cancer in which any one of the different types of white blood cells is produced excessively and abnormally

Front 56

Hodgkin’s disease

Back 56

or Hodgkin’s lymphoma, is a type of cancer that affects the lymph tissue found in lymph nodes and the spleen

Front 57

Respiration

Back 57

the exhange of gases between the body and the environment.

Front 58

Diaphragm

Back 58

the muscle that separates the chest from the abdominal cavity.

Front 59

Pharynx

Back 59

throat

Front 60

Trachea

Back 60

windpipe

Front 61

Larynx

Back 61

voice box.

Front 62

Bronchitis

Back 62

an inflammation of the bronchi caused by infection or exposure to irritants such as tobacco smoke or air pollution

Front 63

Pneumonia

Back 63

an inflammation of the lungs commonly caused by a bacterial or viral infection.

Front 64

Pleurisy

Back 64

an inflammation of the lining of the lungs and chest cavity.

Front 65

Asthma

Back 65

- an inflammatory condition in which the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles become narrowed, causing difficulty in breathing.

Front 66

Sinusitis

Back 66

an inflammation of the tissues that line the sinuses, air filled cavities above the nasal passages and throat.

Front 67

Tuberculosis

Back 67

a contagious bacterial infection that usually affects the lungs.

Front 68

Emphysema

Back 68

a disease that progressively destroys the walls of the alveoli.

Front 69

Digestion

Back 69

the mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods for use by the body’s cells.

Front 70

Absorption

Back 70

the passage of digested food from the digestive tract into the cardiovascular system.

Front 71

Elimination

Back 71

the expulsion of undigested food or body wastes.

Front 72

Mastication

Back 72

the process of chewing, which prepares food to be swallowed.

Front 73

Peristalsis

Back 73

a series of involuntary muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

Front 74

Gastric juices

Back 74

secretions from the stomach lining that contain hydrochloric acid and pepsin, an enyme that digests protein.

Front 75

Chyme

Back 75

a creamy, fluid mixture of food and gastric juices.

Front 76

Bile

Back 76

a yellow-green, bitter fluid timportant in the breakdown and absorpiton of fats.

Front 77

Indigestion

Back 77

a feeling of discomfort in the upper abdomen

Front 78

Heartburn

Back 78

a burning sensation in the center of the chest that may rise from the bottom, or tip, of the breatbone up to the throat.

Front 79

Hiatal hernia

Back 79

a condition in which part of the stomach pushes through an opening in the diaphragm.

Front 80

Appendicitis

Back 80

the inflammation of the appendix, a tube from three to four inches long that extends from the beginning portion of the large intestine.

Front 81

Peptic ulcer

Back 81

a sore in the lining of the digestive tract.

Front 82

Urine

Back 82

liquid waste material excreted from the body through the process or urination

Front 83

Nephrons

Back 83

the functional units of the kidneys.

Front 84

Ureters

Back 84

tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder.

Front 85

Bladder

Back 85

a hollow muscular organ that acts as a reservoir for urine.

Front 86

Urethra

Back 86

the tube that leads from the bladder to the outside of the body

Front 87

Cystitis

Back 87

an inflammation of the bladder, most often caused by a bacterial infection, which can spread to the kidneys

Front 88

Urethritis

Back 88

the inflammation of the urethra, can be caused by a bacterial infection

Front 89

Hemodialysis

Back 89

a technique in which an artifical kidney machine removes waste products form the blood.

Front 90

Endocrine glands

Back 90

are ductless- or tubeless- oragns or groups of cells that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Front 91

Hormones

Back 91

chemical substances that are produced in glands and help regulate many of your body’s functions.

Front 92

Pituitary gland

Back 92

regulates and controls the activites of all of the other endocrine glands

Front 93

Gonads

Back 93

another name for the ovaries and testes.