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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Every cell of the body has three major requirements for life. What are they? |
1. A constant supply of nutrients and oxygen 2. Continual removal of carbon dioxide and other waste products 3. A relatively constant temperature |
The cardiovascular systems play a key role in these processes. |
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What are the functions of the right and left side of the heart? |
1) the right side pumps blood from body to the lungs 2) the left side pumps blood from the lungs to the body |
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What is the circulation cycle for blood throughout the body? |
Right atrium-- Right ventricle--Lungs(here carbon monoxide exchanged for oxygen)-- Left atrium-- Left ventricle-- Aorta--Arteries--Small blood vessels--Capillaries (here blood cells exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide) |
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How many valves are present for each ventricle? |
2 valves. An input and output valve. |
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What do the valves do? |
They open and close as the heart muscle (myocardium) contracts and relaxes. They also control the direction and flow of blood. |
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How is the myocardium supplied with oxygen rich blood? |
The coronary arteries cross over the heart muscle to supply the myocardium. |
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Which ventricle supplies the body and the brain with blood? |
The left ventricle |
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What happens if there is a blockage of the Left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery? |
It will interrupt the blood supply to the left ventricle which can result in a heart attack. |
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What is the electrical impulse cycle of a heart contraction? |
Right atrium@ sinoatrial (SA) node--internodal pathways-- Atrioventricular node--Bundle of His---Left/Right bundle branches--Purkinje fibers. |
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How fast do nerve impulses normally travel along the internodal pathways? |
60 to 100 times every minute, causing both atria and ventricles to contract. |
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What does the SA node respond to? |
Vagal and sympathetic nervous system input. |
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What happens if Electrical impulses are generated below the SA node? |
It causes the heart to contract abnormally? |
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How can impulses generated by the heart be studied? |
By electrocardiography (ECG) |
ECG is used to assist in diagnosing cardiac disease. |
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What does cardiovascular disease (CVD) refer to? |
Diseases of the heart or blood vessels. |
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What is atherosclerosis? |
1. A CVD process that develops over a period of many years. 2. The walls of the arteries can become injured by the years of cigarette smoking or high blood pressure. Once the wall is damaged, it becomes irregular in shaped and prone to collecting plaque (fatty deposits, like cholesterol). 3. Platelets also gather along the aterial wall and clog the artery (which is called a lesion). 4. The artery narrows and allows less blood to pass through it. |
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Where does atheroscletosis occur? |
In any part of the body but is most dangerous when it affects arteries supplying the brain, heart,kidneys,or legs. |
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What is the leading cause of death for men and women in the US? |
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular disease(CVD) |
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What coronary artery disease (CAD) refer to? |
Refers to atherosclerosis of the arteries supplying the heart muscles. |
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