1303 Final Review

Front 1

Identify window versus image planes:

Back 1

Windows: parasternal, suprasternal, apical, subcostal

Planes: short-axis, 4ch, 3ch, 2ch

Front 2

What is the upper limit of normal for the anulus Diameter of the aortic valve?

Back 2

Annulus: 1.6 cm/m2

Sinuses: 2.1 cm/m2

Front 3

Differentiate between aortic root anatomy and aortic valve anatomy.

Back 3

ARA: sinuses of valsalva , coronary Ostia, sinotubular junction

AVA: nodes of aratius

Front 4

What is another name for a Chiari network?

Back 4

IVC valve, Eustachian valve

Front 5

Best view to see Pulmonic valve and coronary sinus:

Back 5

PV: PSAX (aov level)

CS: PLAX

Front 6

ECG components with the mechanical events is related to aortic valve leaflets opening

Back 6

Systole

Front 7

90% of LV filling occurs before which point of the mitral in flow?

Back 7

P wave/ atrial kick

Front 8

What is normal EPSS?

Back 8

2-7 mm

Front 9

Segment of cardiac cycle from MV closure through AOV closure

Back 9

Systole

Front 10

Identify points along the pressure- volume loop.

Back 10

Atrial filling

IVCT

Ventricle contraction

IVRT

Front 11

Decrease in contractility results in _______ with large LV volumes

Back 11

Decrease in SV

Front 12

Preload relates to?

Back 12

Hypervolemia

Regurgitation of cardiac valves

Heart failure

Front 13

What is related to AO resistance or end- systolic wall stress?

Back 13

Afterload

Front 14

Fiber-shortening (long)

Back 14

Afterload

Front 15

_____ is calculated by dividing 2 PWTd by LVIDd and simple measurement of ventricular geometry in patients with hypertrophy.

Back 15

Relative wall thickness

Front 16

What has an inverse relationship with myocardial fiber shortening?

Back 16

Thickening of LV wall

Front 17

Which point of ECG is diastolic component measured on PLAX LV Measurement?

Back 17

Q wave

Front 18

SV/ EDV x 100%=

Back 18

EF (%)

Front 19

Which falls normal range of fractional shortening?

Back 19

35%

Front 20

Which is normal MPI?

Back 20

0.4

Front 21

(IVRT) + IVCT/ SEP

Back 21

MPI

Front 22

Identify phases of diastole:

Back 22

Isovolumic relaxation

Early rapid diastolic filling

Diastasis

Late diastolic filling

Front 23

_____ is the ratio of change in volume to change in pressure.

Back 23

Compliance

Front 24

_____is ratio of change in pressure - volume.

Back 24

Stiffness

Front 25

What is LV pressure rapidly falling?

Back 25

IVRT

Front 26

Changes and preload ,changes in transmitral flow rate ,and change in atrial pressure all affect ______?

Back 26

Early diastolic filling

Front 27

What is the effect of inspiration on LA filling?

Back 27

No change

Front 28

Cardiac rhythm, atrial contractile functioning , ventricular end diastolic pressure and heart rate all affect ______?

Back 28

Late diastolic filling

Front 29

LCA arises from superior aspect of the left _____.

Back 29

Coronary sinus of valsalva

Front 30

What are the percentage of left to right coronary dominance?

Back 30

80% right

20% left

Front 31

Which coronary artery is considered silent on EKG?

Back 31

Circumflex

Front 32

Which shows sequence of events of myocardial ischemia in order?

Back 32

Reduce perfusion

Diastolic dysfunction

WMA

PCG change

Chest pain

Front 33

Sensitivity of stress echo cardiography for detection of CAD depends on required stress images of?

Back 33

Pete cardiac workload

Front 34

An end point for stopping dobutamine stress echo test max heart rate %?

Back 34

85%

Front 35

Which is an advantage of 3-D imaging?

Back 35

Rapid acquisition

Front 36

If standard 2D image has frame rate of 50 Hz what does it change to in 3-D is applied?

Back 36

5hz

Front 37

In real time 3-D echo, which view is used to aquire aortic valve?

Back 37

PLAX

Front 38

The gradient in rotation Angle from base to Apex measure as degrees per cm is known as _____?

Back 38

Torsion

Front 39

The tissue Doppler sample is Place 1 cm ______ from septal side of mitral annulus

Back 39

Apical

Front 40

Strain rate imaging is based on difference in tissue Doppler _______ between sample volume divided by distance between them.

Back 40

Velocity

Front 41

Peak systolic strain rate measure ventricular contractile function that is insensitive to changes in ______ conditions.

Back 41

Loading

Front 42

Strain is a measure of ______ defined as a difference between the final length divided by original length

Back 42

Deformation

Front 43

Because strain is relative to baseline length ______ is considered zero strain.

Back 43

End diastole