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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which two ways can the body eliminate a drug? |
By biotransformation or excretion. |
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What are the most important pathways of drug excretion? |
Renal excretion (by glomerular filtration or tubular secretion) or biliary excretion |
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What are the less important pathways of drug excretion? |
Pulmonary excretion via exhalation, glandular excretion into milk, saliva or sweat, gastrointestinal excretion across the GI mucosa |
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What is clearance? |
Clearance is a measurement that shows the volume of plasma that a certain substance (such as a drug) can be completely removed from, per unit of time. |
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What properties must a drug have to be filtrated through the glomeruli? |
- Be water soluble - Be smaller than 60 kDa - Have low plasma protein binding |
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Which factors determine the rate at which a drug is filtered through the glomeruli?
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- The concentration of the drug in the plasma - The GFR |
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How does the pH of the filtrate change the renal excretion? |
When the filtrate is acidic will drugs which are weak acids be reabsorbed to a larger degree. When the filtrate is basic will drugs which are weak bases be absorbed to a larger degree. |
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How can we increase the renal excretion of drugs which are weak acids? |
By administering NaHCO3, which makes the filtrate more basic. |
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How can we increase the renal excretion of drugs which are weak bases? |
By administering NH4Cl, which will make the filtrate more acidic. |
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What properties must a drug have to be preferentially excreted in bile rather than urine? |
- They must be large in size - They must be amphipathic |
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Name some drugs which are excreted through bile |
Ceftriaxone, statins, erythromycin, rifampin |
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Describe the enterohepatic circulation. |
Some drugs which are excreted through bile are reabsorbed in the intestines. This decreases the elimination of the drug. |
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How can we interrupt enterohepatic circulation? |
By giving activated charcoal or cholestryramine orally, which bind to the excreted drug and prevent it from being reabsorbed. |
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Name some drugs which are excreted renally. |
Lithium, beta blockers, diuretics, digoxin, penicillins. |
