Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
ATX
|
advanced technology extended
|
|
|
ATX
|
Developed by Intel to improve classic AT style.
|
|
|
ATX
|
You can install full-length expansion cards, because components are not inline. Primary motherboard used today. 12"x9.6
|
|
|
Micro ATX
|
Works in standard ATX cases.
Trade-offs: quantity of memory slots, motherboard headers, expansion slots, integrated components. Lower power demand 9.6X9.6 |
|
|
ITX
|
Small form factor SFF board
Compatible with ATX cases |
|
|
ITX
|
Family of ITX Form Factors
~Mini 6.7x6.7 ~Nano 4.7x4.7 ~Pico-ITX 3.9x2.8 ~Mobile ITX 2.4x2.4 |
|
|
Expansion Slots
|
small plastic slots used to install various components
|
|
|
Expansion Slots
(PCI) |
32 bit Peripheral Component Interconnect slots
3 inches and usually white Operate at 33 or 66 MHz over a 32 bit channel 133- 266 Mbps adapters are 3.3 and 5 Volts |
|
|
PCI-X Expansion Slots
|
indistinguishable from 64-bit PCI
uses the same slots 133 MHz - 533MHz 4266 MBps or 4.3 GBps compatible with PCI suffers from shared bus tech, which results in slow speeds |
|
|
AGP Expansion Slots
|
Accelerated Graphics Port Expansion Slots- known for legacy video card.
Replaced by PCI Express Usually brown and located near the PCI slot |
|
|
AGP Slots
|
32 -bit 4 byte 2x, 4x, 8x multiply 66 MHz
PCIe works at 16x |
|
|
PCIe
|
PCI express was designed to replace AGP and PCI
Not compatible with PCI or AGP Serial Technology |
|
|
PCIe
|
A key difference between PCIe bus and the older PCI is the bus topology. PCI uses a shared parallel bus architecture, where the PCI host and all devices share a common set of address/data/control lines. In contrast, PCIe is based on point-to-point topology, with separate serial links connecting every device to the root complex (host).
|
|
|
PCIe
|
Highly used for gaming
|
|
|
CNR
|
Communications and Networking Riser slots
replacement for the older AMR- Audio Modem Riser Slot Made for sound and analog modem communication as well as networking |
|
|
CNR
|
60 pins
Plug and Play |
|
|
miniPCI
|
adaptation of PCI
primarily for laptops identical to PCI version 2.2 32 bit 33 MHz 3.3V- powered connection |
|
|
miniPCI
|
Three different form factors
Type 1,2,3 adapters are available for regular PCI |
|
|
Memory Slots and Cache
|
DIMM- dual inline memory module
168, 184, 240 pins Used for laptops SODIMM- Small outline Micro DIMM |
|
|
Memory Slots and Cache
|
If ram has run out, you can use the hard drive as ram.
Its called virtual memory. The space on the hard drive is called a swap file or paging file. pagefile.sys |
|
|
MEmory Slots and Cache
|
The memory controller by the way is the chip that manages access to RAM
If the amount of RAM is not the problem, but speed is your issue. Then try adding cache between the cpu and ram. Cache helps predict things for the CPU |
|
|
Cache
|
external cache is referred to as Level 2 memory L2 Cache
|
|
|
Cache
|
Level 1 cache is internal cache located on the die of the processor
|
|
|
Cache
|
The architecture for multi-level cache continues to evolve. L1 cache used to be external to the CPU, built into the motherboard, but now both L1 and L2 caches are commonly incorporated into the CPU die. L3 cache has typically been built into the motherboard, but some CPU models are already incorporating L3 cache. The advantage of having on-board cache is that it’s faster, more efficient and less expensive than placing separate cache on the motherboard.
|
|
|
Central Processing Unit And Processor Socket
|
Socket LGA 775 or Socket T
Line Grid Array has a key locking device |
|
|
Central Processing Unit And Processor Socket
|
socket a or socket 462
pin grid array PGA |
|
|
Chipset
|
is a collection of chips or circuits that perform interface and peripheral functions for the processor.
Divided into two sections. |
|
|
Northbridge
|
Processor to memory communications
Communicates with integrated video using AGP and PCIe |
|
|
Frontside bus (FSB)
|
communication between the CPU and Memory
|
|
|
Backside bus
|
may or may not be present
If present, pathways between the CPU and Level 2 or 3 cache memory. If not present, signal is placed on the front-side bus |
|
|
Southbridge
|
Responsible for providing support to the onboard slower peripherals
Don't need to keep up with external clock Don't bottleneck the system |
|
|
Chipsets
|
Note : If your considering any component other than the CPU, memory and cache, AGP Slots, or PCIe slots, the Southbridge is in charge
|
|
|
Jumpers & DIP Switches
|
Duel inline package
Before this voltage regulation was automated, you had to set the motherboard to provide the correct voltage for the processor it was using. |
|
|
Jumper and DIP
|
Today they are used for clearing CMOS memory
Usually labelled with JPx |
|
|
Power connector for motherboard
|
20 pin
|
|
|
Bus speed
|
The speed of the bus, measured in megahertz (MHz), refers to how much data can move across the bus simultaneously.
|
|
|
bus speeds
|
Bus speed usually refers to the speed of the front side bus (FSB), which connects the CPU to the northbridge.
|
|
|
Front-Panel Connectors
|
Users expect to see a power button, and power led.
|
|
|
Reset Button
|
A way to reboot the pc
Keeping the machine powered tends to prolong the life of the electronics affected by power cycling. Some memory chips might need to drain their power the reboot |
|
|
Drive Activity Light
|
Early days, hard disk's LED had to be driven by the drive itself
New boards have pins added for drive activity lights |
|
|
Audio Jacks
|
Old optical drives had a cable attached to the rear of the drive. The cable was then attached to the sound card
Enhancement: cable was eliminated, and 3.5 mm jack was added to the front of the drive. Legacy AC'97 or HD audio connectors: BIOS settings to choose which to activate. HD is always default |
