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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A Snellen chart assess ______.
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distance vision
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A Rosenbaum assess ______.
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near vision
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_____ is nearsightedness. You can see near but can't see things far away.
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Myopia
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____ is farsightedness. You can see far away but can't see well close up.
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Hyperopia
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_____ is hyperopia in the older population.
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Presbyopia
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Presbyopia happens because
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the lens is not working well.
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______ is constant involuntary eyeball movement in any direction. It can be associated with neurological issues or some medications.
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Nystagmus
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____ is a problem with refraction of light inside the eye. It is associated with lack of roundness of the eyeball.
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Astigmatism
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_____ is a test for strabismus. It looks at the weakening of one eye that causes it to deviate from the other eye.
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Cover-uncover
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_____ is an important test for people with glaucoma.
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Tonometry
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Tonometry is an indirect measurement of the ____.
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intraocular pressure of the eye.
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____ is drooping of the eyelid.
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Ptosis
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_____ is an acute inflammation of the hair follicle around the eye. It is commonly called a sty.
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Hordeolum
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____ is an infected sebaceous gland. It is swollen, firm but not painful.
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Chalazion
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____ is a very contagious condition of the eye that can be viral or bacterial. The eye is red, itchy, scratchy and may have drainage.
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Conjunctivitis
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Treatment for conjunctivitis includes:
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antiinfective eyedrops such as penicillin or gentomycin.
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Nsg implications for conjunctivitis are:
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-HANDWASHING
-separate wash cloth for each eye -separate linens for family members -warm saline compresses -saline irrigation to remove exudate -apply eye ointment along conjunctiva |
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A _____ is an abrasion, scratch, or laceration on the cornea. It can be caused by dust, eyelash, grass, etc...
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corneal abrasion
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Burns of the eye could be caused by ____ or _____.
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lye or ammonia
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2 examples of penetrating trauma with the eye are:
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metal flakes and BB guns.
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Management of eye trauma includes:
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-assessment of vision
-use of irrigation -positioning -eye patch -eye ointment |
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____ is a matchlike stick with dye on the end that is brought to contact with the eyeball. The corneal abrasion turns bright yellow.
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Fluorescein
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Irrigation of the eye is done to
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remove foreign bodies.
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If a person has blunt trauma to the eye the preferred position is
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semi-fowlers to help reduce edema.
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____ is surgical removal of the eye.
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Enucleation
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_____ is a clouding of the lens resulting in decreased light, acuity and a glare.
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Cataracts
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Cataracts are common in the _____.
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elderly
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When a person has cataracts, the lens becomes ____ which interferes with light getting in.
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opaque
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CATARACT
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congenital
aging toxicity accidents radiation (sunlight) altered metabolism (DM) cigarette smoking |
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Cataracts tend to occur _____ and development is ______.
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bilaterally
asymmetrical |
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Manifestations of cataracts are:
tends to occur ____ development is _____ gradual declining _____ problem with ____ pupil may appear ____ |
Manifestations of cataracts are:
tends to occur bilaterally development is asymmetrical gradual declining visual acuity problem with glares pupil may appear cloudy gray or white |
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Treatment of cataracts includes:
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surgery
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Nsg implications for a person who has had cataract surgery are:
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-eye patch for one day
-eye drops -HOB elevated -no coughing/vomiting -no heavy lifting |
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To prevent coughing and vomiting post op cataract surgery the nurse should administer
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antinausea meds
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_____ is a condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure of the eye and gradual vision loss.
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Glaucoma
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When a patient has glaucoma, the increased intraocular pressure causes ______.
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optic nerve damage
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A person with glaucoma has loss of ____ vision but they have _____ vision.
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peripheral
central |
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The loss of peripheral vision with glaucoma is due to
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narrowing of visual fields.
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____ is the leading cause of blindness worldwide.
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Glaucoma
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Manifestations that are vague, often go unnoticed, have no initial manifestations and include gradual vision loss are characteristic of ______.
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open-angle glaucoma
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Abrupt onset of eye pain, headache, nausea and vomiting are manifestations of ______.
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angle-closure glaucoma
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Glaucoma has no ____, ____, ____.
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cure, prediction, prevention
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The aim for glaucoma is ____ to control and preserve vision by preventing optic nerve damage.
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early diagnosis
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Yearly eye exams monitor for glaucoma by measuring _____.
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intraocular pressure
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Three classes of medications used to treat glaucoma are:
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-beta adrenergic blockers
-adrenergic agonist (Myadratics) -prostaglandin analogs |
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3 beta adrenergic blockers used to treat glaucoma include:
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-Betoptic (betaxolol)
-Betagen (levobunolol) -Tomoptic (timolol) |
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Beta adrenergic blockers reduce IOP by decreasing production of ______.
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aqueous humor
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Beta adrenergic blockers do not affect ____ and ____ therefore there is no adverse effect on vision.
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pupil size
lens accommodation |
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Beta adrenergic blockers can effect other beta blockers. App;y pressure over the _____ after administering to prevent systemic absorption.
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lacrimal sac
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Adrenergic Agonist (Myadratics) are used to treat _____.
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open angle glaucoma.
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Adrenergic agonist (Myadratics) ____ pupils, reduces production of ____ and reduces IOP in ____ glaucoma.
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Adrenergic agonist (Myadratics) dilate pupils, reduces production of aqueous humor and reduces IOP in open-angle glaucoma.
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When administering adrenergic agonists (Myadratics) the nurse should monitor
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-BP
-Pulse -Respirations -CNs |
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Avoid OTC sinus or cold meds when taking adrenergic agonist (Myadratic) meds because they may
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increase side effects.
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2 adrenergic agonists (Myadratics) are
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alphagran and aprarclonidine
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_____ increase aqueous outflow and thus lower the ocular pressure.
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Prostaglandin analogs
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A prostaglandin analog is
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Lantanoprost (Xalatan)
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Prostaglandin analogs are the drug of choice for treating ______.
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chronic glaucoma
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Prostaglandin analogs are administered ____ and have a ____ adverse effect rate.
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daily
low |
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2 problems with prostaglandin analogs are
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conjunctival hyperemia and color changes in iris or eyebrows.
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____ is separation of the retina from the choroid.
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Retinal detachment
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Retinal detachment occurs ______ (gradually/spontaneously).
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spontaneously
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Manifestations of a retinal detachment include:
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-floaters "spots"
-lines -flashes of light -curtain drawn -blurred vision -progressie deterioration -loss of central vision if macula involved -NO PAIN -eye looks normal |
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Interventions for retinal detachment are directed toward ______ and reestablishing blood flow and nutrient supply to the retina.
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bringing the retina and choroid back together.
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Proper positioning for a person with a detached retina is ____ before surgery and _____ after surgery.
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lying flat and face up
face down. |
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Treatment for detached retina includes:
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cryotherapy
laser photocoagulation scleral buckling |
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_______ is failure of the macula to be able to receive light from center of visual field.
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Macular degeneration
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Macular degeneration is a loss of ______.
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central vision
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____ is the leading cause of blindness worldwide.
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Glaucoma
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____ is the leading cause of blindness over age 65.
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Macular degeneration
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Macular degeneration is common is _____ ancestry.
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European
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Manifestations of macular degeneration include:
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-blurred central vision, distorted
-peripheral vision intact -lines may appear wavy |
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There is NO effective treatment for macular degeneration but ____ may slow the process.
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laser photocoagulation and high doses of vitamins
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Magnifying glasses, high-intensity lights, and large print books may be helpful for people with ______.
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macular degeneration.
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A new surgery for macular degeneration is ______,
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implanted telescope
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