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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Parts of the Lip
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1) ORAL MUCOSA
- Stratified Squamos Nonkeratinized epithelium in Lining Mucosa (THICK) - Stratified squamos PARAKERATINIZED in MAsticatroy mucosa - (thinner) **thin mostly under mouth and tongue for max absorption - NO SUBMUCOSA OR MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE BUT SKELETAL MUSCLE PRESENT! - Minor Salivary Glands/Labial Glands in lamina propria: mixed seromucous glands 1) keep mucous membrane moist 2) contribute to moistening of the food 3) provide an aqueous solvent necessary for taste sensation 2) VERMILLION BORDER: - Stratified Squamos KERATINIZED epithelium - highly vascularized (close to surface): shunting of blood to lips - red lips vs. in cold, blue lips - Tall dermal PAPILLAE: increased surface area for attachment between epidermis and dermis - important because this area is subject to frictional forces 3) CUTANEOUS: - Stratified Squamos KERATINIZED epithelium - Sebaceous Glands in Lamina Propria with associated Hair Follicle |
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Obicularis Oris Muscle
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Skeletal muscle surrounding orifice of the oral cavity
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Functions of Oral Cavity
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1) Digestion -
-Mechanical: mastication -Chemical: Amylase (alpha 1, 4 linkages of starch - amylose & amylopectin) from Salivary Glands 2) Propulsion - tongue: deliver food to oral pharnx and esophagus by swallowing |
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Ginigva:
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-PARAKERATINIZED epithelium: no stratum granulosum and stratum corneum has some nuclei
- HEMIDESMOSOMES - between surface parakeratinized epithelium of gum and the enmael of the tooth: *anchorage! - Lamina Propria: TALL CONNECTIVE TISSUE PAPILLA - strengthens attachment between epithelium and underling CT *impt because subject to frictional forces when chewing |
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Tongue
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- NO MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE: loose CT of lamina connects with dense CT of submucosa
**VON EBNER GLANDS - Serous glands (only minor gland not mixed serous mucous) - - secrete into moat of VALLATE PAPILLAE **Mucous glands - Muscularis Externa - Tri Orthogonal Arrangement of skeletal muscle - Dorsal Tongue: stratified squamose or parakeratinized epithelium EXCEPT parts with fungiform and Vallate papillae -Ventral Tongue: nonkeratinized lining - DORSAL AND VENTAL SURFACES HAVE PROJECTIONS CALLED PAPILLAE: (4 types!!) 1) Fillfiorm: each tip has severa keratinized projections along DORSAL surface - catches food, most abundant type! 2) Fungiform: UNkeratinized epithelium with taste buds on DORSALl surface. Mostly INTERSPERSED with filiform papillae 3) Vallate (Circumvallate): UNkeratinized epithelium in POSTERIOR tongue (run across - most taste buds present LATERAL! - V shaped: faces moat like trench at base: where VON EBNER's glands SECRETE into!! - larger than other (1-2mm in diameter) 4) Foliate Papillae: leaf-like located along SIDE of tongue |
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Taste Buds
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- spheroid to ovoid in nature
3 Specialized Epith. Cell Types: 1) Neurosensory: contain microvilli that project into the taste pore - MICROVILLI have transmembrane receptors that caue cells to respond to 5 different taste qualities: sweet, sour, bitter, salty, unami **taste quality - olfactory VS taste: a function of RECEPTORS ACTIVATED **hot and spicy are free nerve endings in mouth 2) Supporting cells 3) Dark Basal Stem Cells: remake new neurosensory and supporting cells every 10 days. **if mitotic division lost, we'd get disruption in our taste sensation **renewing requires: 1) newly born sensory cells have proper recetors and 2) REWIRING of synatpic contacts o innervating afferent fibers from dengenerating to newborn neurosensory cells |
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Salivary Glands
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MAJOR salvary glands: COMPOUND GLANDS!!
located OUTSIDE of lamina propria/Submucosa and secrete into oral cavity via LARGE EXCRETORY Ducts (Acinus -> INTRALOBULAR DUCTS: (Intercalated Duct -> Striated Duct) -> INTERLOBULAR DUCT (Secretory Duct) -> Oral Cavity - 3 types: Parotid, Sublingual, Submandibular MINOR salivary glands: located IN lamina propria/submucosa and secrete into oral cavity via SHORT ducts - in cheeks, lips, tongue, soft palate, and floor of mouth - ALL MIXED SEROUS EXCEPT VON EBNER's in TONGUE that associate with vallate papillae **HAVE MYOEPITHELIAL CELLS AROUND GLANDS! |
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Parotid Gland
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- behind ear
- 2nd highest in duct system - PURE SEROUS glands |
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Sublingual Gland
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- LEAST EXTENSIVE DUCT SYSTEM: glands in tubular stuctures to reach short ducts
- mixed serous/mucous but mainly MUCOUS - beneath tongue in floor of mouth near symphysis of mandible |
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Submandibular:
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- mixed serous/mucous but MAINLY SEROUS (DISTINCT SEROUS DEMILUNES
- beneath mandible and muscles that form floor of mouth - on either side of midline -MOST EXTENSIVE DUCT SYSTEM = TUBULARACINAR COMPOUND GLAND! |
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Saliva
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- Hypotonic fluid due to Striated Ducts: reabsorbing Na+ and Cl-.
FUNCTION: - secrete Water, electrolytes, amylase, and mucus for: 1) LUBRICATE FOOD - 1st steph in physical digestion 2) MEDIATE TASTE 3) STARCH DIGESTION 4) CLEANSE MOUTH 5) DILUE NOXIOUS STIMULI 6) HEALTH OF ORAL CAVITY: lysozyme and antibodies are 1st line of defense of GI tract CONTENTS: 1) amylase 2) Epidgermal Growth Factor 3) Lysozyme 4) Antibodies - IgA from B lyphocytes TAKEN UP by the serous cells 5) lingual Lipase - Lipolysis for TAG 6) Lactoferrin 7) Lingual Antimicrobial Peptide |
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TOOTH
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1) CROWN
- Anatomical Crown: ENTIRE ENAMEL (including overlap with gingiva) + DENTIN vs. Clinical Crown - only enamel (no gingiva) + dentin - DISTAL END 2) ROOT: - CEMENTIN + DENTIN area - APICAL END |
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Pulp Cavity/Root Canal
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- surrounded by ODONTOBLAST LAYER!
- DENTAL PAPILLAE -> formed from mensenchymal cells encroaching on Internal Enamel during Cap stage -> PULP CAVITY/ROOT CANAL! - VASCULARIZED CT: full of CT, Blood vessels, nerves Apical end: tip of root where nerves and blood vessels enter pulp cavity - CONTAINS ODONTOBLASTS WITH LONG PROJECTIONS THROUGH DENTIN = DENTINAL TUBULES: provide minerals and nutritents to Dentin to keep it alive (dentin avascular!!) |
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Dentin
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- Avascular
- get nutrients from Osteoblasts in pulp cavity through dentinal tubules - formed from Dental Papillae (pulp cavity) that make odontoblasts -> predentin -> dentin **ODONTOBLASTS PUSHED FROM OUTSIDE to IN!! =Odontoblasts initiate formation by EXRETING PREDENTIN at the location of overlying epithelial tissue =Odontoblasts pushed towards pulp cavity, NARROWING CAVITY, as dentin grows - MAKES UP MOST OF OUR TOOTH! CONSTANTLY BEING MADE!! |
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Cementum
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- AVASCULAR: gets nutrients for peridontal ligament connected via SHARPEY's FIBERS (also to anchor tooth in place)
**RELY ON CEMENTOCYTES: but cementocytes only on some parts - THICHKER CEMENTUM NEAR APEX: EMPTY LACUNAE BECAUSE CEMENTOCYTES DIED - ACEULLAR CEMENUTUM vs. -THINNER CEMENTUM CLOSER TO TOP OF ROOT: cementocytes still alive so can receive gasses and nutrients from Periodontal ligament - APPOSITIONAL GROWTH: also produces in INSIDE-OUT manner like enamel WHILE DENTIN IS BEING MADE AT APEX (BASE) **stimulated synthesis from CEMENTOCYTES when pre-dentin reaches dental sac (CT sac around developing tooth - made from surrounding mesenchyme) |
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Enamel
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- Made from inner enamel epithelium -> ameloblasts -> make enamel
**made in response to odontoblasts making pre-dentin -INSIDE OUT SYNTHESIS (from dentin-enamel border) **Synthesis stimulated from Odontblasts making pre-dentin - CAN NOT BE REMADE IN AFTER MATURE DEVELOPMENT BECAUSE AMELOBLASTS LAYER IS LOST!! **lost throughout life by abrasion **Most mineralized and HARDEST TISSUE IN BODY! |
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Neural Crest Cells
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INDUCING CELLS FROM NEURAL CREST ORIGIN IN DENTAL LAMINA STAGE ->
Mesenchymal cells: MAKE: 1) odontoblasts 2) dental sac 3) dental papilla |
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Dental Sac
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OUTER CT SAC = well vascularized Membranous capsule formed from mesenchyme surround developing tissue
WILL FORM: 1) periodontal ligament 2) cementum |
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Bone
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Vascular
- connected to periodontal ligament via Sharpey's fibers |
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Periodontal Ligament:
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WELL VASCULRIZED thick collagen fibers extending from alveolar bone to cementum of tooth
- ANCHORS TOOTH TO BONE!! (bone ->ligament -> cementum of tooth!) - Periodontal Disease = Gum disease: wearing down of gum so bacteria can reach periodontal ligament - so teeth not anchored as well to bone! **tissues holding bone, gum and teeth destroyed!! vs. Gingivitis: inflammation of Gums due to bacteria forming plaques --> NO BONE OR TISSUE ANCHORING TOOTH LOST! |
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Stellate Reticulum
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- interior of epithelial sac during growth development
- star like shaped epithelial cells due to innermost epithal cells being stretched apart - SURROUNDED BY: 1) OUTER ENAMEL EPITHELIAL 2) DEPPER INNER ENAMEL EPITHELIAL |
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Inner Enamel Epithelium
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- coumnar cells along basement mebrane -> ameloblasts
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Dental Lamina:
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signals initial stage of developement -
- formed from primitive oral epithelium invagination - will connect to form the enamel organ but will deenerate in bell stage |
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Neural Crest Tissue
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neural crest tissue -> INDUCING CELLS --> mesenchyme -> dental papilla
*DENTAL LAMINA STAGE: starts 1st stage of tooth development when oral epihtelium invaginates over it |
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Enamel organ:
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1) external enamel epithel.
2) stellate reticulum 3) statum inetermedium 4) ameloblasts (internal enamel) |
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Tooth Germ
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1) Enamel organ (what surrounds enamel??)
-External Enamel epithelium -Stellate Reticulum -Stratum intermedium -Ameloblast Layer - previously Internal Enamel epithelium 2) Odontoblasts 3) Dental Pulp: Connective tissue with capillaries **DOT NOT INCLUDE ENAMEL OR DENTIN!! |
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Stratum Intermedium
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CAPS INSIDE SURFACE of AMELOBLASTS (adjacent to stellate reticulum!)
- concentrate mineral for enamel production - |
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Tooth Development
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1) BUD STAGE/DENTAL LAMINA STAGE
2) CAP STAGE: inward growth of inner enamel epithelium forms cap located superficial to dental papillae 3) BELL STAGE: inner enamel epihtelium invaginated into enamel organ being pushed by expanding dental papilla **DEGENERATING DENTAL LAMINA! - INTERNAL ENAMEL EPITHEL. -> become COLUMNAR EPITHEL. CELLS: AMELOBLASTS -> 2 FUNCTIONS 1) stimulate differentiation of odontoblasts from mesenchymal cell (ODONTOBLASTS SYNTHESIS) 2) produce ENAMEL IN RESPONSE TO ODONTOBLASTS MAKING PREDENTIN **amyloblasts make odontoblasts which will make dentin which will act on amyloblasts to make enamel |
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Masticatory Mucosa
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1) Gingiva
2) Hard Palate 3) Dorsal surface of tongue **surfaces where most abrasive forces are = STRATIFIED PARAKERATINIZED EPITHELIUM |
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Lining Mucosa
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1) internal surface of lips
2) internal surface of cheeks 3) floor of mouth 4) underside of tongue 5) soft palate **STRATIFIED SQUAMOS NON KERATINIZED EPITHELIUM --> Thickness varies from region to region: Thinner under tongue and on floor of mouth = MORE PERMEABLE than other regions of oral cavity **NO MUSCUALRIS MUCOSE/MUSCULARIS EXTERNA! |