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133 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2. According to Freud, the ego _____. A) is the first to form and therefore the most senior personality structure B) operates on the "pleasure principle" C) must balance the needs of the id, superego, and reality D) has no contact with reality |
[C] |
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3. an individual who thinks, "Sex is pleasurable, I want it," but also thinks "I feel guilty about having sex at all" is struggling with conflict between the ____ and the superego |
[id] |
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4. Freud's Id, ego, and superego represent___ concepts rather than physical structures in the nervous system |
[Abstract] |
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5. the id operates according to ___ |
[pleasure principle] |
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6. The most primitive structure of personality, that available at birth, is the |
[id] |
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7. The__is entirely unconscious and compels people to get what they want |
[ID] |
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8. An individual who thinks, "sex is pleasurable, I want it" but also thinks "I feel guilty about having sex at all" is struggling with conflict between the___and the superego |
[ID] |
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9. Freud developed the concepts of the id, ego, and superego to explain how___develops. |
[personality] |
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10. The ego attributes personal shortcomings, problems, and fault to others in which defense mechanism? |
[Projection] |
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11. The ego refuses to acknowledge anxiety producing realities in which defense mechanism? |
[Denial] |
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12. deals with reality |
[the ego] |
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13. you know you are about to do something your parents would not approve of. In other words, your____ is warning you that you are about to make a mistake. |
[superego] |
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14. The ego functions according to the _____ principle |
[reality] |
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15.Which structure of personality sends us "irrational" messages about right and wrong? |
[superego] |
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16. Research has shown that children who score low on laboratory and observational measures of ego control are rated by their teachers as being |
[more aggressive and less ordered and less compliant than other children] |
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17. Low ego "resilience" is correlated with |
[drug abuse in adolescents] |
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18. research cited in the text on ego control suggests that |
[children who children who score high on ego resiliency are rated by teachers as better able to cope with stress] |
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19. In a study of college students high in ego resilience |
[ were , socially skilled, and cheerful] |
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20. Research in Italy found a marked stability in _____ form ages 16-20 |
[ego resilience] |
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21. you know you are about to do something your parents would not approve of. In other words, your ___ is warning you that you are about to make a mistake. |
[superego] |
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22. According to psychoanalytic theory, the ego seeks the security of an earlier developmental period in the face of stress in which defense mechanism? |
[Regression] |
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25. Which of the following is true of defense mechanisms? |
[repression] |
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26. repression, and other defense mechanisms, work to help people cope with____ |
[Anxiety] |
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27. defense mechanisms are an example of processes |
[Unconscious] |
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28. the use of defense mechanisms is healthy in that they serve to reduce |
[anxiety] |
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29. What Freud did not completely understand, but other psychologists endorse is that defense mechanisms |
[are as ubiquitous are they are because they are also the mechanism by which a desired effect is produced in some situations] |
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30. Defense mechanisms enable us to reduce the level of our ___without thinking about it. |
[Anxiety] |
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32. Clarissa always needs to have something in her mouth. She is trying to give up smoking, but can't get throughout the day without sucking or chewing on her nails, pencils, or any other object she can get her hands on. Freud would suggest that Clarissa may be fixated in the _____ of psychosexual development. A) analB) oralC) phallicD) latency 32. Clarissa always needs to have something in her mouth. She is trying to give up smoking, but can't get throughout the day without sucking or chewing on her nails, pencils, or any other object she can get her hands on. Freud would suggest that Clarissa may be fixated in the _____ of psychosexual development. A) analB) oralC) phallicD) latency |
[B] |
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33. According to Jung, our collective unconscious is inherited from |
[our parent] [distant ancestors] |
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34. According to Jung, people who have preferences for both sensing and thinking are more likely to be which of these? |
[practical and matter of fact] |
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35. According to Jung, which of these pairs identifies a person's "style" |
[J-P] |
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36. Jung believed that the archetypes were |
[metaphors for those difficult passages (understandings) one had to experience and come to terms with] |
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37. According to Jung, the irrational demands of the psyched |
[could be handled (neutralized) symbolically and then they would help one handle the life tasks they addressed] |
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38. Jung's term for both the process of development and the balance which occurred in the second half of like was |
[individuation] |
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39. Jung suggested that the center of personality the self ought to be |
[balanced somewhere between the conscious and unconscious ...of personality because... pro-social responses others...] |
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40. According to Jung it was good to |
[ take time occasionally look to take stock of the challenges faced in changing something about self that should be changed] |
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42. _____ is Jung's idea that we must bring all aspects of our personality into balance (harmony) |
[Individuation] |
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43. Adler rejected freud and Jung's dream analysis, but did use two strategies for finding the pattern of a person's life. These were |
[identifying fictional finalisms ism(s) and early memories] |
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44. your friend suggest you that all of your problems result from your inferiority complex. What personality theorist is most likely to agree? |
[Alfred Adler] |
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45. Because of his emphasis on growth and a holistic view of people, Adler's theory is a precursor to |
[humanism] |
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46. Adler's moderate 'feelings of inferiority' were |
[normal and potentially useful recognition that something could be better] |
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47. The most important evidence of maturity and mental health, for Adler, was |
[social interest] |
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48. Adler's term that best describes a unique personality is |
[style of life] |
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49. Which personality theorist would suggest that a football player practices everyday because he is motivated by perfectionism? |
[Adler] |
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50. your friend suggest to you that all of your problems result from your inferiority complex. What personality theorist is most likely to agree? |
[Alfred Adler] |
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51. Gladys is a therapist who is constantly reminding her clients that people have a natural capacity for personal growth and positive qualities. Gladys likely endorses the _____ of personality. A) psychodynamic perspective B) humanistic perspective C) learning perspective D) trait perspective |
[B] |
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52. humanistic perspective researchers use____ to assess personalities. |
[observations, questionnaires, interviews] |
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53. The _____ approach to personality places emphasis on conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals. A) psychodynamic B) humanistic C) trait D) social cognitive |
[D] |
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54.the ____ approach to personality tends to emphasize the goodness in people |
[Humanistic] |
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55. Which of the following is a critique of the humanistic approach? |
[The theory is too optimistic about human nature] |
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56. The humanistic approach believes that people are. |
[Able to change through conscious self-motivated effort] |
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57. if you're talking to parents who tell you they believe in loving and supporting their son no matter what and that they want him to reach his highest potential, you could say they are talking a___approach. |
[Humanistic] |
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58. observation learning occurs when |
[the individual learns the consequences of a response without experiencing the consequence directly] |
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59. Which of the following individuals illustrates the trait of conscientiousness? A) Edmund, who suffers in silence B) Anne, who has a very organized and disciplined approach to her academic performance C) Peter, who has a high IQ level and pursues entrepreneurial goals D) Alvin, who loves talking to many people constantly |
[B] |
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60. Face validity refers to whether _____. A) two examiners will agree about a person's personality traits B) the content of test items appears to be a good indicator of personality traits C) the personality test will predict behavior outside the test situation D) the person is giving answers to try to look better |
[B] |
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61. Your best friend Kelly is liberal and tolerant. Which trait is she likely high on? |
[Openess] |
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62. Which of the following traits is related to generosity and altruism to reports of religious faith and to more satisfying romantic relationships? |
[Agreeableness] |
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63. _____ nearly derailed the scientific study of personality by challenging the assumption that personality traits are _____. |
[Mischel/consistent] |
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65. in the self-report tests, directly asks people whether specific items describe their _____ traits. |
[personality] |
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66. openness to experience |
[one of the BIg Five traits. individuals high in openness are independent, imaginative, and prefer variety] |
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67.the list of the "Big Five" personality traits was created by using ____ analysis |
[factor] |
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68. trait perspective researchers use all of following EXCEPT____ to assess personality |
[Written narratives] |
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69. A ______ is a characteristic that distinguishes one person from another and that causes a person to behave more or less consistently |
[trait] |
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70. Which of the following of the big five traits _______is linked to better-quality friendships, healthy behaviors, and longevity? |
[conscientiousness] |
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71. Projective tests are most closely aligned with which theoretical approach to personality? A) Humanistic B) Behaviorist C) Social cognitive D) Psychodynamic |
[D] |
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72. The _____ approach to personality places emphasis on conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals |
[social cognitive] |
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73. In keeping with the social cognitive emphasis on the person's cognitive abilities and mental states, Mischel conceptualized personality as a set of interconnected cognitive affective processing systems, also known as the (CAPS) or ___ affective processing systems |
[Cognitive] |
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74. According to the social cognitive approach, belief in your ability to carry out a specific task and achieve the desired outcome is called____ |
[Self-efficacy] |
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75. In keeping with the social cognitive emphasis on the person's cognitive abilities and mental states, Mischel conceptualized personality as a set of interconnected cognitive affective processing systems, also known as the ___ model |
[Cognitive affecting processing] |
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76.unconditional positive regard and being empathetic and ___ can be used to help others develop a more positive self- concept |
[genuine] |
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77. Unconditional positive regard refers to the person's need to be accepted, valued, and treated positively regardless of their behavior, according to___(name) |
[Rogers] |
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78. Empathy and genuineness can be used with unconditional positive regard in a therapeutic relationship to help others develop a more positive ___ |
[Self-concept] |
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79. Which of the following would a humanistic psychologist propose to help remedy self-concept discrepancies? |
[Unconditional positive regard] |
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80. Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality factors? A) Neuroticism B) Agreeableness C) Dominance D) Extraversion |
[c] |
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81. Which statement best reflects the cross-cultural consistency of the Big Five? |
[The big five are found consistently across many cultures] |
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82. All of the following are techniques used to increase self-efficacy, EXCEPT: |
[Beginning with the most difficult tasks] |
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85. Projective measures are most often associated with which level of analysis? |
[Psychodynamic-Motivational] |
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1. According to Freud, the ego is referred to as a mediator because it |
- must balance the needs of the id, superego, and reality. |
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2. The spoiled child within you is to the id as the referee within you is to the |
- ego |
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3. Kira finds an abandoned wallet with three hundred dollars in it and no identification. The decision to keep the money or turn it in will cause the greatest conflict between the |
- id and the superego |
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4. Hannah has a substitute teacher today. She has a strong desire to give a false name, but is concerned about how much trouble she might get in. The desire to change her name stems from the ________ and the concern about the trouble stems from the ________. |
- id; ego |
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5. Michelle was reared in a home where high moral principles dominated. She has attended Sunday school and church since early childhood. In high school, her boyfriend tried to talk her into "sleeping" with him, but something from inside her told her not to. She felt very proud of herself afterward for holding her ground. According to Freud, which personality structure made Michelle feel proud of her response? |
- superego |
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6. Kelly used to do whatever she wanted. She skipped school, used drugs, and ignored her parents. Recently, she has started to take other people's feelings into account and even feels guilty when she does the wrong thing. According to Freud, Kelly is experiencing a strengthening of her |
- superego |
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7. If Marcy is feeling guilty about lying to her mother, Freud would argue that her ________ is making her feel this way. |
- superego |
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8. Carolyn was reared in a home where high moral principles dominated. She has attended Sunday school and church since early childhood. In high school, her boyfriend talked her into "sleeping" with him. According to Freud, which personality structure ruled Carolyn's behavior in the second part of this scenario? |
- id |
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9. Cartoons sometimes depict personal conflict by showing an individual with an angel speaking into one ear and a devil speaking into the other ear. The angel represents Freud's idea of the ________ and the devil represents Freud's idea of the ________. |
- superego; id |
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10. Darin had an automobile accident in which his brother and another passenger were killed. Though Darin was not seriously hurt in the accident, he cannot remember any of the accident details. Darin is unconsciously engaging in which ego defense mechanism? |
- repression |
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11. What defense mechanism is being used when the ego transforms the unacceptable (e.g., looking at pornography) into the acceptable (e.g., becoming a vocal advocate against pornography)? |
- reaction formation |
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12.If you had to write a research paper on ego defense mechanisms, which of the following would be the most appropriate summary position? |
- The use of defense mechanisms can be beneficial to psychological health. |
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13. The personality structure that reflects moral values is the ____, which Freud believed began emerging at about age ____. |
- superego4 or 5 |
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14. A person with a ____ superego may be self-indulgent; one with an unusually ____ superego may be virtuous but guilt ridden. |
- weakStrong |
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15. Which component of personality represents morality and parental authority? a. the id b. the ego c. the libido d. the superego |
– d |
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16. Which component of personality is a "referee" between the needs of instinct and the demands of society? a. the id b. the ego c. the libido d. the superego |
- b |
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17. According to Carl Rogers, the __________is how people think they should be.A) idB) egoC) ideal selfD) real self |
-C. Ideal self |
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18. Modern psychoanalysts differ from traditional Freudian psychoanalysts in that they focus on the ______ as a motivating force of behavior, and they favor ______ their patients.A) ego; sitting behind and passively listening toB) ego; face-to-face discussions withC) id; sitting behind and passively listening toD) id; face-to-face discussions with |
-B. Ego; face-to-face discussions with |
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19. According to Carl Rogers, the __________is how people see their actual traits and abilities.A) egoB) real selfC) ideal selfD) id |
-B. Real self |
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20. Which of Freud's systems helps you to find a restaurant and to resist the temptation to snatch food off other people's plates? |
- Ego |
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22. According to Freud , the ___ is your conscience or internal judge of your behavior |
- Superego |
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23. According to Freud, the _____ operates according to the pleasure principle, whereas the _____ operates on the reality principle. A) superego / ego B) id / superego C) id / ego D) ego / id |
[C) id / ego] |
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24. Which of the following is a defense mechanism? |
- reaction formation |
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25. Blake secretly cheated on his girlfriend and now he is constantly accusing her of harboring desires for other people. What defense mechanism is Blake using? |
- projection |
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26.Every time Antony, a 30-year-old architect, experiences hardship, he goes home to his parents to find comfort in his childhood bedroom. What defense mechanism is in play here? |
- regression |
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27.Lionel works with a bomb disposal unit and does not worry about his safety. Which defense mechanism does he engage in at work? |
- denial |
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28. Defense mechanisms are ____ processes. |
- unconscious |
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29. Mark is angry when the teacher blames him for misbehaving when it actually was the child behind him who had been acting up. As he leaves after school, he shoves another boy who gets in his way. Freud would say that Mark is unconsciously using the defense mechanism of: a. displacement. c. projection. b. repression. d. denial. |
– A |
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30. After twelve years of attending the same schools, Holly and Amy chose to attend colleges in different states. Holly remembered Amy as a shy but friendly girl who rarely took risks, and so Holly was surprised when her friend sent an e-mail describing the thrill of sky-diving. Holly's surprise occurred because Amy's behaviors don't match the _______________ that Holly had observed in high school. a. internal locus of control b. personality traitsc. external locus of control d. defense mechanisms - |
b |
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31. Your professor singled you out for criticism in class, which made you very angry. When you got home, you slammed the door and yelled at your roommate. Freud would say you are using which defense mechanism? |
- Displacement |
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32. Which of the following is NOT a method proposed by Rogers to develop a more positive self-concept? A) Unconditional positive regard B) Empathy C) Genuineness D) Defense mechanisms |
[D) Defense mechanisms ] |
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33. ______ is a defense mechanism that involves pushing threatening impulses out of conscious awareness. |
- Repression |
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34. Which of the following defense mechanisms involves directing unacceptable impulses at a less threatening target? A) Displacement B) Sublimination C) Repression D) Fixation |
[A) Displacement] |
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35. ______ is a defense mechanism that involves pushing threatening impulses out of conscious awareness. A) Thanatos B) Sublimination C) Repression D) Fixation |
[C) Repression] |
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36. According to Freud, the psychosexual stage that occurs during infancy is called the: a. latency stage. c. anal stage. b. oral stage. d. phallic stage. |
– D |
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37. According to Freud, the psychosexual stage that occurs during the grade school years until puberty is called the: a. latency stage. c. anal stage. b. oral stage. d. phallic stage. |
- a |
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38. What are the stages of psychosexual development in order beginning from birth? a. anal, oral, latency, phallic, genital b. oral, anal, latency, genital, phallic c. oral, anal, genital, latency, phallic d. oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital |
d |
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39. According to Freud, psychological problems in adulthood are primarily a result of |
- Having unresolved conflicts during one or more stages of psychosexual development |
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40. Which of the following represents the correct sequence of Freuds psychosexual stages of development |
- Oral anal phallic latency genial |
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41. According to Jung, the collective unconscious contains _____. A.the id B. positive regard C. self-actualization D. archetypes |
[D.Archetypes] |
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42. Psychoanalysis was a therapy technique designed by __________. a. Fritz Perls b. Sigmund Freud c. Carl Rogers d. Alfred Adler |
– b |
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43. ________ focus on the role of the unconscious mind in personality. |
- Psychodynamic theorists |
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44. The personality theory that is most embedded in popular culture is: a. social-cognitive learning theory. b. psychodynamic theory. c. humanist theory. d. trait theory. - |
b |
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45. Critics argue that psychodynamic theories are guilty of three scientific failings. Which of the following is NOT one of the criticisms? a. The psychodynamic theories work backward, basing personality development on retrospective accounts. b. The psychodynamic theories violate the principle of falsifiability. c. The psychodynamic theories state that aspects of personality lie outside our awareness. d.. The psychodynamic theories draw universal principles from the experiences of a few atypical patients - |
c |
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46.Which of the following perspectives views abnormal behavior as the result of unresolved unconscious conflicts?A. Psychodynamic therapyB. Humanistic therapyC. Social learning therapyD. Biological therapy |
- A |
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47. The term "unconditional positive regard" is associated with _______.a. Fritz Perls b. Sigmund Freudc. Carl Rogers d. B. F. Skinner |
c |
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48. The therapist's feeling of respect and affection for the client that exists without any strings attached, no matter what the client may say or do, is called __________.A) empathyB) unconditional positive regardC) conditions of worthD) catharsis |
[-B. Unconditional positive regard] |
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49. Which of the following is a key component of Rogers's person-centered therapy?A) unconditional positive regardB) resistanceC) dream interpretationD) cognition |
-A. Unconditional positive regard |
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50. Judy's therapist listens to her without interruption and judgment. She provides Judy with warmth and respect, without any conditions attached. Her therapist is demonstrating______________.A) genuinenessB) nondirective countertransferenceC) unconditional positive regardD) reflection |
-C. Unconditional positive regard |
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51. determine a person's sense of unconditional positive regard |
- aim to regulate arousal around baseline |
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52. Mastering situation and producing positive outcomes |
- Self-Efficacy (Bandura) |
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53. Which of the following is an important aspect of cognitive-behavior therapy? |
- self-efficacy |
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54. _____is an important aspect of cognitive-behavior therapy. A. Self-efficacyB. InsightC. Self-awarenessD. Cultural sensitivity |
- A |
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55. - The belief that we can effectively perform the behaviors necessary to deal with a demanding situation is called _____. A) problem-solving skill B) placebo effect C) self-efficacy D) self-esteem |
[C) self-efficacy ] |
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56. A test taker ___is asked to tell a story about each of the pictures including events leading up to the situation described the characters thoughts &a feelings and the way the situation turns out |
- Thematic apperception test |
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57. Dr. Crane is looking for a test that he can use to understand more about his clients' unconscious motivations. He would be very likely to use a(n) _____. A) self-report measure B) objective measure C) projective measure D) observational measure |
[C) projective measure] |
