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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the function(s) of complement MAC?
MAC components? |
-- CYTOLYSIS of
-- Gram-NEGATIVE bacteria Components = C5B-9 C5B C6 - C9 |
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What are the 2 primary OPSONINS in bacterial defense?
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C3b
IgG |
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What activates the complement CLASSIC pathway?
What activates the complement ALTERNATIVE pathway? |
CLASSIC = IgG / IgM - Ag mediated
ALTERNATIVE = ENDOTOXINS |
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_____ in complement is responsible for VIRAL NEUTRALISATION.
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C1, C2, C3, C4
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What is the function (s) of complement C3b?
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1.) OPSONISATION - Binds Bacteria
2.) IMMUNE COMPLEX clearance |
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What is the function (s) of complement C5a?
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1.) ANAPHYLAXIS
2.) PMN CHEMOTAXIS |
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_____ in complement is responsible for ANAPHYLAXIS.
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C3A
& C5A |
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What PREVENTS complement activation on SELF-CELLS?
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DAF -- (Delay Accelerating Factor)
& C1 ESTERASE INHIBITOR |
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Deficiency of C1 ESTERASE INHIBITOR leads to _______.
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HEREDITARY ANGIOEDEMA=
(EDEMA at MUCOSAL surfaces) ★ ACEi are CI |
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Deficiency of C3 leads to _______.
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Recurrent Pyogenic Sinus & Respiratory tract infx
& ↑↑ susceptibility to HSR ③ = IMMUNE COMPLEX |
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Deficiency of C5-8 leads to ______
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NEISSERIA bacteremia
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Defiency of DAF leads to _________.
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Complement mediated RBC LYSIS
& Paroxsymal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) |
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Features of IL-1
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-- from Mφ
● FEVER + ACUTE INFLAM ★ ENDOTHELIAL surface activation → ADHESION molecules ● LEUKOCYTE recruitment |
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Features of IL-2
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-- from Th1
● growth of Th + Tc |
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Features of IL-3
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-- from T cells
● stimulates BONE MARROW growth + diff ● fn like GM-CSF -- (↑ MYELOID → ↑ Mφ) |
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Features of IL-4
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-- from Th2
● Differentiation of Th → Th2 - - - (↑humoral response) ● B cell GROWTH ● class SWITCHING to IgE + IgG |
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Features of IL-5
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-- from Th2
● B cell DIFFERENTIATION ● class SWITCHING to IgA ● EOSINOPHIL growth + diff |
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Features of IL-6
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-- from Mφ ...
● FEVER + ACUTE INFLAMM ● ACUTE PHASE PROTEINS |
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Features of IL-8
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-- from Mφ ...
★ PMN CHEMOTACTIC |
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Features of IL-10
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-- from Th2 & T-REG
● MODULATES inflam response ★ Th1 INHIBITION ● Th2 activation ● similar actions as TGF-β (inhibits inflam) |
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Features of IL-12
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-- from Mφ & B cells
● DIFFERENTIATION of T cell → Th1 -- -- -- stimulates CMI ★ ● NK activation |
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Features of TNF-ALPHA
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-- from Mφ
● mediates SEPTIC SHOCK ● activates ENDOTHELIUM ● LEUKOCYTE recruitment ● VASCULAR leak |
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Features of INF-GAMMA
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-- from Th1
● Mφ activation ● Th1 activation -- -- (stimulates CMI) ★ Th2 INHIBITION ● anti-VIRAL & anti-TUMOUR |
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What cell surface proteins are found on T cells?
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TCR - - - - - binds Ag-MHC complex
CD3 - - - - - a/w TCR for signal transduction CD28 - - - - - binds B7 on APC |
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What cell surface proteins are found on B cells?
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Ig - - - - - binds Ag
CD19, 20, 21 - - - - - CD21 = receptor for EBV CD40 - - - - - binds CD40L on Th2 cell, starts ISOTYPE SWITCHING B7 - - - - - binds CD28 on T cells MHC II - - - - - binds TCR/CD4+ on Th |
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What cell surface proteins are found on Mφ?
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Fc & C3b receptors - - - - - enhanced phagocytosis
CD14 - - - - - endotoxin/LPS receptor CD40 - - - - - binds CD40L on Th2 cell B7 - - - - - binds CD28 on T cells MHC II - - - - - binds TCR/CD4+ on Th |
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What cell surface proteins are found on NK cells?
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CD16 - - - - - binds Fc of IgG (for ADCC = Ab-dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity)
CD56 - - - - - unique marker for NK MHC-I receptors |
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What is ANERGY?
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When self-reactive T cells become NON-reactive
WITHOUT costimulatory molecule. B cells can also become anergic, but tolerance is less complete than in T cells. |
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What is the mechanism of Superantigens?
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Cross-link the TCR BETA-region to the MHC-II on APC
→ uncoordinated release of IFN-γ from Th1 and → subsequent release of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α from Mφ |
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What is the mechanism of action of endotoxins/LPS?
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Directly stimulate Mφ by binding to endotoxin receptor CD14
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What type of immunity is induced after exposure to a FOREIGN ANTIGEN?
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ACTIVE IMMUNITY
Onset - - - - - SLOW Duration - - - LONG = MEMORY Examples - - NATURAL INFX, VACCINES, TOXOID |
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What type of immunity is induced when it receives preformed antibodies from another host?
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PASSIVE IMMUNITY
Onset - - - - - RAPID Duration - - - SHORT = Ab t½ = 3wks Examples - - IgA in BREAST MILK, humanised MONOCLONAL Ab, ANTI-TOXIN [To Be Healed Rapidly] = after exposure to these toxins, give PREFORMED Abs: Tetanus toxin Botulinum toxin HBV Rabies virus |
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Type I hypersensitivity test?
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Scratch test
Radioimmunosorbent assay |
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Type II hypersensity test?
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Direct and Indirect COOMBS
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Type III hypersensitivity test?
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Immunoflourescent staining
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Immune complex dx in which antibodies to the foreign proteins are produced?
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Serum Sickness--- fever, urticaria, arthralgias, proteinuria, LAD, 5-10 days post-Ag exposure
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local, subacute antibody mediated hypersensitivity rxn due to intradermal injxn of antigen that causes antibodies to form antigen-antibody complexes under the skin?
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ARTHUS Rxn - - - IC under skin
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Hypersensitivity rxn that does not have antibody interaction?
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Delayed (T cell mediated)
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What are the 6 T's of Delayed Hypersensitivity rxns?
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Th lymphocytes
Transplant rejections (GVHD) TB skin tests (PPD) Touching (contact dermatitis) Thyroiditis - Hashimoto's Type 1 DM |
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What does Hypersensitivity ACID stand for?
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Anaphylactic/Atopic
Cytotoxic (antibody mediated) Immune Complex Delayed (cell mediated) |
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Delayed Hypersensitivity rxn test?
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Patch test (PPD)
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What hypersensitivity rxn is assoc. with vasculitis and systemic manifestations?
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Type III
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