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42 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is the function(s) of complement MAC?
MAC components?
-- CYTOLYSIS of
-- Gram-NEGATIVE bacteria

Components = C5B-9
C5B
C6 - C9
What are the 2 primary OPSONINS in bacterial defense?
C3b
IgG
What activates the complement CLASSIC pathway?

What activates the complement ALTERNATIVE pathway?
CLASSIC = IgG / IgM - Ag mediated

ALTERNATIVE = ENDOTOXINS
_____ in complement is responsible for VIRAL NEUTRALISATION.
C1, C2, C3, C4
What is the function (s) of complement C3b?
1.) OPSONISATION - Binds Bacteria

2.) IMMUNE COMPLEX clearance
What is the function (s) of complement C5a?
1.) ANAPHYLAXIS

2.) PMN CHEMOTAXIS
_____ in complement is responsible for ANAPHYLAXIS.
C3A
&
C5A
What PREVENTS complement activation on SELF-CELLS?
DAF -- (Delay Accelerating Factor)
&
C1 ESTERASE INHIBITOR
Deficiency of C1 ESTERASE INHIBITOR leads to _______.
HEREDITARY ANGIOEDEMA=

(EDEMA at MUCOSAL surfaces)

★ ACEi are CI
Deficiency of C3 leads to _______.
Recurrent Pyogenic Sinus & Respiratory tract infx
&
↑↑ susceptibility to HSR ③ = IMMUNE COMPLEX
Deficiency of C5-8 leads to ______
NEISSERIA bacteremia
Defiency of DAF leads to _________.
Complement mediated RBC LYSIS
&
Paroxsymal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)
Features of IL-1
-- from Mφ

● FEVER + ACUTE INFLAM

★ ENDOTHELIAL surface activation → ADHESION molecules

● LEUKOCYTE recruitment
Features of IL-2
-- from Th1

● growth of Th + Tc
Features of IL-3
-- from T cells

● stimulates BONE MARROW growth + diff

● fn like GM-CSF -- (↑ MYELOID → ↑ Mφ)
Features of IL-4
-- from Th2

● Differentiation of Th → Th2 - - - (↑humoral response)

● B cell GROWTH

● class SWITCHING to IgE + IgG
Features of IL-5
-- from Th2

● B cell DIFFERENTIATION

● class SWITCHING to IgA

● EOSINOPHIL growth + diff
Features of IL-6
-- from Mφ ...

● FEVER + ACUTE INFLAMM

● ACUTE PHASE PROTEINS
Features of IL-8
-- from Mφ ...

★ PMN CHEMOTACTIC
Features of IL-10
-- from Th2 & T-REG

● MODULATES inflam response

★ Th1 INHIBITION

● Th2 activation

● similar actions as TGF-β (inhibits inflam)
Features of IL-12
-- from Mφ & B cells

● DIFFERENTIATION of T cell → Th1
-- -- -- stimulates CMI ★

● NK activation
Features of TNF-ALPHA
-- from Mφ
● mediates SEPTIC SHOCK

● activates ENDOTHELIUM

● LEUKOCYTE recruitment

● VASCULAR leak
Features of INF-GAMMA
-- from Th1

● Mφ activation

● Th1 activation -- -- (stimulates CMI)

★ Th2 INHIBITION

● anti-VIRAL & anti-TUMOUR
What cell surface proteins are found on T cells?
TCR - - - - - binds Ag-MHC complex

CD3 - - - - - a/w TCR for signal transduction

CD28 - - - - - binds B7 on APC
What cell surface proteins are found on B cells?
Ig - - - - - binds Ag

CD19, 20, 21 - - - - - CD21 = receptor for EBV

CD40 - - - - - binds CD40L on Th2 cell, starts ISOTYPE SWITCHING

B7 - - - - - binds CD28 on T cells

MHC II - - - - - binds TCR/CD4+ on Th
What cell surface proteins are found on Mφ?
Fc & C3b receptors - - - - - enhanced phagocytosis

CD14 - - - - - endotoxin/LPS receptor

CD40 - - - - - binds CD40L on Th2 cell

B7 - - - - - binds CD28 on T cells

MHC II - - - - - binds TCR/CD4+ on Th
What cell surface proteins are found on NK cells?
CD16 - - - - - binds Fc of IgG (for ADCC = Ab-dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity)

CD56 - - - - - unique marker for NK

MHC-I receptors
What is ANERGY?
When self-reactive T cells become NON-reactive
WITHOUT costimulatory molecule.

B cells can also become anergic, but tolerance is less complete than in T cells.
What is the mechanism of Superantigens?
Cross-link the TCR BETA-region to the MHC-II on APC

→ uncoordinated release of IFN-γ from Th1 and

→ subsequent release of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α from Mφ
What is the mechanism of action of endotoxins/LPS?
Directly stimulate Mφ by binding to endotoxin receptor CD14
What type of immunity is induced after exposure to a FOREIGN ANTIGEN?
ACTIVE IMMUNITY

Onset - - - - - SLOW

Duration - - - LONG = MEMORY

Examples - - NATURAL INFX, VACCINES, TOXOID
What type of immunity is induced when it receives preformed antibodies from another host?
PASSIVE IMMUNITY

Onset - - - - - RAPID

Duration - - - SHORT = Ab t½ = 3wks

Examples - - IgA in BREAST MILK, humanised MONOCLONAL Ab, ANTI-TOXIN

[To Be Healed Rapidly] = after exposure to these toxins, give PREFORMED Abs:
Tetanus toxin
Botulinum toxin
HBV
Rabies virus
Type I hypersensitivity test?
Scratch test
Radioimmunosorbent assay
Type II hypersensity test?
Direct and Indirect COOMBS
Type III hypersensitivity test?
Immunoflourescent staining
Immune complex dx in which antibodies to the foreign proteins are produced?
Serum Sickness--- fever, urticaria, arthralgias, proteinuria, LAD, 5-10 days post-Ag exposure
local, subacute antibody mediated hypersensitivity rxn due to intradermal injxn of antigen that causes antibodies to form antigen-antibody complexes under the skin?
ARTHUS Rxn - - - IC under skin
Hypersensitivity rxn that does not have antibody interaction?
Delayed (T cell mediated)
What are the 6 T's of Delayed Hypersensitivity rxns?
Th lymphocytes
Transplant rejections (GVHD)
TB skin tests (PPD)
Touching (contact dermatitis)
Thyroiditis - Hashimoto's
Type 1 DM
What does Hypersensitivity ACID stand for?
Anaphylactic/Atopic
Cytotoxic (antibody mediated)
Immune Complex
Delayed (cell mediated)
Delayed Hypersensitivity rxn test?
Patch test (PPD)
What hypersensitivity rxn is assoc. with vasculitis and systemic manifestations?
Type III