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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which is used more often, a sample or a population? Why? |
A sample is used more because it is a portion of the whole population that is used to represent the population. |
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What is a qualitative variable? |
A characteristic or property of a unit that cannot be measured on a natural numerical scale. |
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What is a quantitative variable?
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A characteristic or property of a unit that can be measured on a natural numerical scale. |
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What are the four elements of descriptive statistical problems? |
1. The population or sample of interest. 2. One or more variables that are to be investigated. 3. Tables, graphs, or numerical summary tools. 4. Identification of patterns in the data. |
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What are the five elements of inferential statistical problems?
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1. The population of interest. 2. One or more variables that are to be investigated. 3. The sample of population units. 4. The inference about the population based on information contained in the sample. 5. A measure of the reliability of the inference. |
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What is the primary difference between an observational study and a designed experiment? Explain. |
In a designed experiment, the researcher has full control over the characteristics of the experimental units while in the observational study the researcher makes no attempts to control the characteristics of the experimental units. |
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What is statistics? |
Statistics is the science of data. This involves collecting, classifying, summarizing, organizing, analyzing, presenting, and interpreting numerical information. |
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What are the problems with nonrandom samples? |
Selection Bias, nonresponse bias, and measurement error. |
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What is a nonresponse bias? |
When the researchers conducting a survey or study are unable to obtain data on all the experimental units selected for the sample. |
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What is the main difference between descriptive statistics and inferential statistics? |
Descriptive statistics cannot be used for generalization while inferential statistics can. |
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What is a representative sample? |
A representative sample exhibits characteristics typical of those possessed by the target population. |
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What is statistical thinking? |
Statistical thinking involves applying rational thought and the science of statistics to critically assess the data and inferences. Fundamental to the thought process is that variation exists in populations of data. |
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What is statistical inference? |
Statistical inference is an estimate, prediction, or some other generalization. |
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Define variable. |
A characteristic or property of an individual experimental unit in the population. |
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Define sample. |
A subset of the units of a population. |
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Define population. |
A set of units that we are interested in studying. |
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What is the measure of reliability? |
The measure of reliability is a statement (usually quantitative) about the degree if uncertainty associated with a statistical inference. |
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What is a random sample? |
A random sample is a subset of the population where the units in the population have equal chance of being selected for the sample. |
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Define measurement errors. |
Inaccuracies in the values of the data recorded. |
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What is selection bias? |
Selection bias is when a subset if the experimental units in the population is excluded so that these units have no chance of being selected in the sample. |
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What are the two types of data? |
Quantitative and Qualitative data. |
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What are 3 data collection methods? |
1. Published source 2. Observational study 3. Designed experiment |
