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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
lymph node drains tonsil
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jugulodigastric
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tears pass through from punctum to nose?
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canaliculus, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct, inferior meatus, posterior nares
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purpose of posterior cricoarytenoids?
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open and separate vocal cords
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two branches from ext. carotid A supplying maxillary area
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maxillary artery, facial artery
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nerve and ganglion to lacrimal gland
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VII facial pterygo-palatine
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nerve and ganglion to constrictor pupillae
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oculomotor III ciliary
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nerve and ganglion to sublingual
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VII facial submandibular
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nerve and ganglion to parotid
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IX glossopharyngeal otic
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function of lateral pterygoid
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open jaw, protract jaw, move jaw forward
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superior laryngeal internal branch innervates
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mucosa above vocal cords
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superior laryngeal external branch innervates
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cricothyroid tightens cords
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lymph from below glottis (true cords) goes where
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pretracheal
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lymph from above vocal cords goes where
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superior cervical
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nerve to posterior cricoaryteniodeus
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recurrent laryngeal
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2 cranial nerves may send fibres to post. cricoaryteniodeus
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X + XI
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larynx lymph to where
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pre tracheal
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what to avoid if inserting tympanostomy tube
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chorda tympanic nerve
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embryonic cells of ear ossicles
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neural crest cells
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if ulnar nerve severed, movements effected at wrist, DIP
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wrist:flexion, adduction, ulnar deviation, DIP:flexion
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long term consequences of scaphoid fracture
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non union, pain, avascular necrosis, arthritis, collapse
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artery&nerve just below humerus anatomical head
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axillary nerve, humeral circumflex artery
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thumb movements effected if median nerve severed
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abduction, flexion, opposition
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nerve to cricothyroid?
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external laryngeal
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which muscle abducts vocal cord
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posterior crocarytenoid
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nerve to posterior cricoarytenoid?
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recurrent laryngeal
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sensory to mucous membrane of nose
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V2
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tumour near external occipital protruberance lymph path?
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occipital nodes
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hole of sphenoidal sinus
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sphenoethmoidal recess
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ganglion of cellbodies innervating dilator pupillae
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superior cervical ganglion
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postganglionic sympathetic to sweatglands in forehead how
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sup cerv.gang, com. carotid, ext carotid, facial, supraorbital
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nasopharyngeal tumour trotters triad
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eustachian tube-deafness, v3 pain, soft palate weak
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aneurism presses on III nerve. effects?
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down and out, dilated pupil, ptosis
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function of internal laryngeal nerve
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sensory to mucosa above cords
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which sinuses open to middle meatus
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ethmoid, maxillary, frontal
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where does maxillary artery leave neck
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pterygomaxillary fissure/pterygopalatine fossa
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what movements effected if radial nerve severed
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ext, abd and add of wrist, extension of MCP joints
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which nerves carry postsympathetic efferent fibres to submandibular salivary gland
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facial nerve, lingual nerve, chorda tympani
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muscle of mastication that closes jaw
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masseter or temporalis
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muscle of mastication that pulls jaw forward
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lateral pterygoid
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what cranial nerve does lingual arise from
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V3
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which cranial nerve supplies sensory fibres: soft palate
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V2, IX
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nerve normally lies on anterior surface of scalenus anterior
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Phrenic
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If superior cervical ganglion is damaged, what results
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horners
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double vision
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diplopia
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nasal cavities
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choanae
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view of C1,C2 from inside mouth
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ondontoid view
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on CT scans spenoid sinus versus ethmoid sinus
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open versus lots of compartments
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in coronal ct scan, pterygoids are where?
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just lateral to sphen. sinus, medial to mandible
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slide in front of foramen magnum, points to dens
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clivus (can see on sagittal films)
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orbicularis oculi purpose
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distributes tears, cleans grit off eyeball, (stops ulceration)
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if facial nerve palsy, what may happen to eyeball
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ulceration
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muscle with longest name in the body
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levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
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ulnar nerve lesion in guyons canal effect cutaneous?
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no. dorsal/palmar cutaneous exit nerve before guyons
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ulnar nerve innervates
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flexor carpi ulnaris, dorsal, palmar interosseus, ½ profundus, deep br. to adductor pollicis, hypothenar, palmaris brevis, ½ lumbricals
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median nerve innervates
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½ profundus, superficialis, thenar musc, pronators, ½ lumbricals, palmaris longus, flexor carpi radialis
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musculocutaneous innervates
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brachialis, biceps brachii, coracobrachialis
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radial nerve innervates
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brachioradialis, triceps brachii, extensors: carpi radialis longus/brevis, ulnaris, digiti minimi, digitorum, indicis, pollicis long/brev, abductor pollicis, supinator,
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radial nerve gone fix?
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palmaris longus tendon -> extensor pollicis brevis, flex. superficialis tendon -> extensor digitorum (get both thumb and finger flexion back. (wont miss superficialis/palmaris)
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particular place radial nerve may be damaged (plus others)
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radial tunnel through supinator heads
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place ulnar nerve might be damaged (besides med.epicon.)
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guyons canal
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need interossei for
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writing
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external ear includes and is covered with
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auricle, ext. aud. meatus, tymp. memb SKIN
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middle ear includes and is covered with
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cavity, eus. tube, mastoid antrum, ossicles: mucous memb (ossicles periosteum plus mm)
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inner ear includes, covered with
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osseus/memb labyrinth bone/mucous
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volkmans contracture
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supracondylar fracture, ischemia, scarring, scar shortens pain gets worse trying to stretch muscle
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why supracondylar fractures in 6yr olds
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ligaments lax at 6, hyperextension
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loss of blood supp. after fracture how
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during injury, reducing fracture, comp. synd., surgery
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5 Ps compartment synd
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pain, pallor, pulselessness, puffiness, paralysis
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cordotomy
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used to remove pain in term. ill patients cut through lateral spinothalmic tract: can potentially damage lateral corticospinal tract, causing weakness to trunk, lower limbs
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brachial plexus injury how
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head flexed, shoulder depressed
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porters tip injury
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C567, medially rotated arm, extended, wrist flexed, pronated forearm
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in axillary sheath
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brachial plexus and axillary artery
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injection point axillary sheath
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interscalene groove
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other landmarks for injecting axillary sheath
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coracobrachialis, axillary artery
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5 pot. problems injecting ax. sheath
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artery punctured, bleeds into sheath: compression, pneumothorax, diffusion:phrenic, deinnervate diaphragm, hoarseness if diffuses to vagus, horners if diff. to symp.
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brachial plexus ripped off sp. cord # nerves to fix with
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fixing 120,000 with 4100 motor,3200sensory
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last ditch fixes for ripped off brach. plexus
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11 from SCM deltoid. Traps, Rhombs,Levator scap musculocutaneous. supraacromial/supraclav- median
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digital anaesthetic danger why
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volume can crush, vasoconstrictor can fibrose, cuts off circ, finger dies.
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other causes of carpal tunnel
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anything that takes up room- lunate dislocate, extensive lumbricals, swelling, endocrine factors, trauma, rheumatoid disease
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carpal tunnel symptoms/treatment
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pain/numbness/clumsiness, surgery
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injury to upper plexus means
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T1 may be intact intrinsic hand musc. okay
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injury to lower plexus means
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SS nerve may be intact some shoulder musc.
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nerve used for nerve grafts
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sural nerve (using schwannoma cells, nerves resprout through the pathways provided)
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loss of median nerve
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no thumb opposition, no pronation, only weak flexion, ulnar deviation sensory loss to 3 ½ digits
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maximal contact with objects achieved how
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short fingers/thumb, slight ulnar fingers rotation, slight arch to metacarpals
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maximum surf contact why
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minimize force per unit area of skin
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3 areas where problems can occur in transmission of muscle activities through tendons
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motor (muscle), transmission (tendons/joints), application (skin/pulp)
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if radial nerve damaged
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wrist drop porters tip injury
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fixing wrist drop
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pronator teres moved from flexor to extensor side, tendon split and put to each side of hand
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referred pain to ear from where
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V1,2 sinusitis, V2,3 teeth, V3 TMJoint, V3 tongue cancer, IX tongue cancer, IX tonsilitis
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fracture of petrous bone results
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VII facial weakness, VIII deafness, dizziness; middle ear: deafness/blood, cochlea: deafness, semicirc. canals: dizziness, unconsciousness, epithelial tear: blood, tymp. memb. tear = blood
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if bleeding from ear?
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petrous bone fracture
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tic douleureaux
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abrupt, brief, stabbing pains V3, triggered, no sensory loss
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tic douloureaux fix
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gangliolysis of V3, or microvascular decompression
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fall on the outstretched arm problems
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fractured clavicle, shoulder subluxation, glenohumeral dislocation, humeral fracture, supracondylar humeral fracture, elbow dislocation, colles fracture, wrist dislocation, scaphoid fracture, lunate dislocation
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lunate fracture problem
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may strip periosteum avascular necrosis
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breathlessness if swollen thyroid?
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presses tracheal rings
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thyroid lymph drainage
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pre-tracheal paratracheal
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diff. betw. subdural and extradural hematoma
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non-acute vs. acute (extradural occurs quickly)
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tests for trigeminal
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forehead, cheek, chin
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gag reflex tests
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X and IX
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test for XI
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raise arm overhead, look up, turn head side-side
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otitis media symptoms
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deafness, warmth, vomitting. through otoscope, no cone
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tympanostomy tube does what
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reduces severity not frequency of problems w/ otitis media
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eustachian tube is normally?
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closed, actively opened during swallowing: tensor palati. kids tubes may be closed cartilage smaller, less strong, palati inefficient pre-puberty
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most common tumour origin in larynx
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glottis
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larynx lymphatics
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sparse. everything above glottis-deep cervical. below: pretracheal. good that where tumour may be, fewer lymph.
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why pterygo-palatine called hayfever ganglia
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dist. point for nose, nasopharynx, orbit, palate, upper teeth
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petrositis
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mastoid air cells extensive: infection spread potential from middle ear: chronic infection, extradural abcess, can lead to meningitis, temporal lobe abcess. veins/sinuses transport infection
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circle of willis aneurisms
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more in women than men, sudden devastating headache, may be congenital. blood in sub arach. space
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