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100 Cards in this Set

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领导:国家、军队、在 ... 领导下

lǐngdǎo: guójiā、jūnduì、zài… lǐngdǎo xià

leadership: country, armed forces, under the leadership of
倡导:和平共处五项原则、在 … 的倡导下
chàngdǎo: hépínggòngchǔ wǔxiàng yuánzé、zài… de chàngdǎo xià
initiate: peaceful coexistence, on (his/her)...initiative
制定:宪法、方针政策、外交路线
zhìdìng:xiànfǎ、fāngzhēn zhèngcè、wàijiāo lùxiàn
formulate: constitution or charter, general and specific policies, foreign affairs route/itinerary
建立:政治制度、政权、外交关系
jiànlì:zhèngzhìzhìdù、zhèngquán、wàijiāoguānxì
establish: political system, political power, diplomatic relations
建设:富强的国家、强大的军队、牢靠的国防
jiànshè:fùqiáng de guójiā、qiángdà de jūnduì、láokao de guófáng
build/construct: prosperous/strong country, big and powerful military,strong national defense
巩固:政权、国防、联盟
gǒnggù:zhèngquán、guófáng、liánméng
consolidate/strengthen: political power, alliance/coalition
推翻:国家、领导、决议
tuīfān:guójiā、lǐngdǎo、juéyì
overturn: country, leadership, resolution
签订:合约、条约、合同
qiāndìng:héyuē、tiáoyuē、hétong
conclude/sign: treaty or contract, treaty, contract
签署 : 联合公报 、 文件 、 意见
qiānshǔ: liánhégōngbào、wénjiàn、yìjian
sign or initial: joint communique, documents, idea or viewpoint
废除:一切不平等条约、政权、制度
fèichú:yīqiè bùpíngděng tiáoyuē, zhèngquán、zhìdù
abolish: all unequal treaties, political power, system
达成:协议、交易、一致
dáchéng:xiéyì、jiāoyì、yīzhì
reach: agreement, deal/trade/transaciton, unanimous
形成:决议、一系列体系、网络
xíngchéng:juéyì、yīxìliè tǐxì、wǎngluò
take shape/form: resolution, a series of systems, network
组成:新政府、机构、人民团体
zǔchéng:xīn zhèngfǔ、jīgòu、rénmíntuántǐ
form/make up: new government, organization, civic organization
设立:新机构、部门、通讯网
shèlì:xīn jīgòu、bùmén、tōngxùnwǎng
establish: new organization, department/branch, communication network
执行:命令、任务、纪律
zhíxíng:mìnglìng、rènwu、jìlǜ
carry out: orders/command, job/task, laws and regulations
实行:对 … 实行制裁、制度、监督
shíxíng: duì…shíxíng zhìcái、zhìdù、jiāndū
put into practice/effect: apply sanctions on...., system, control
实现:战略 目标 、四个现代化、邦交正常化
shíxiàn:zhànlüè mùbiāo、sìgè xiàndàihuà、bāngjiāo zhèngchánghuà
realize/achieve: strategic objective, the Four Modernizations, normalization of diplomatic relations
进行:斗争、改革、协商
jìnxíng:dòuzhēng、gǎigé、xiéshāng
carry on: the fight, reform, consultations
履行:义务、职责、诺言
lǚxíng:yìwù、zhízé、nuòyán
fulfill/carry out: duty/obligation, duty/obligation, promise
举行:会议、对等谈判、示威游行
jǔxíng:huìyì、duìděng tánpàn、shìwēi yóuxíng
hold: a meeting, bilateral negotiations, demonstrations
参与:国家管理、制定规划
cānyù:guójiā guǎnlǐ、zhìdìng guīhuà
participate in: state management, establishment of programs
起草:纲领、宪法、决议
qǐcǎo: gānglǐng、xiànfǎ、juéyì
draft/draw up: program/guiding principles, constitution, resolutions
修订:修订宪法、法律、草案
xiūdìng:xiūdìng xiànfǎ、fǎlǜ、cǎoàn
revise: to revise a charter or constitution, laws, drafts
贯彻:政策、决议、方针政策
guànchè:zhèngcè、juéyì、fāngzhēn zhèngcè
carry out: policy, resolution, general and specific policies
改善:两国关系、劳动条件、工作作风
gǎishàn:liǎngguó guānxì、láodòng tiáojiàn、gōngzuò zuòfēng
improve: bilateral relations, working conditions, work methods
完善:制度、宪法、规章制度
wánshàn:zhìdù、xiànfǎ、guīzhāng zhìdù
perfect: system, charter/constitution, regulations or rules
否决:草案、决议;否决权
fǒujué:cǎoàn、juéyì、fǒujuéquán
veto: plan or law, resolution, veto power
采取:主动、有效行动、紧急措施
cǎiqǔ:zhǔdòng、yǒuxiào xíngdòng、jǐnjí cuòshī
take or adopt: initiative, valid or effective action, emergency measures
争取:人民群众、民族解放、主动
zhēngqǔ:rénmín qúnzhòng、mínzú jiěfàng、zhǔdòng
strive for: the masses, national liberation, initiative
争端:国际争端、边界争端、外交争端
zhēngduān:guójì zhēngduān、 biānjiè zhēngduān、wàijiāo zhēngduān
dispute: international dispute, border dispute, diplomatic dispute
调解:争端、纠纷
tiáojiě:zhēngduān、jiūfēn
mediate: dispute, dispute or issue
干涉:互不干涉内政;武装干涉、外来干涉
gānshè:hùbù gānshè nèizhèng、wǔzhuāng gānshè、wàilái gānshè
interfere: mutual noninterference, armed intervention, external interference
容许:不容许外来干涉、外来侵略
róngxǔ:bù róngxǔ wàilái gānshè、wàilái qīnlüè
permit or tolerate: not permit external interference, outside aggression
分割:土地、国家领土不可分割
fēngē:tǔdì、guójiā lǐngtǔ bùkěfēngē
break up: territory, national territory (is) inseperable
扩张:对外扩张、领土扩张、扩张主义
kuòzhāng:duìwài kuòzhāng、lǐngtǔ kuòzhāng、kuòzhāng zhǔyì
expand: foreign expansion, territorial expansion, expansionism
背弃:原来的立场、自己的诺言、信仰
bèiqì:yuánláide lìchǎng、zìjǐde nuòyán、xìnyǎng
abandon: original position, one's own promise, belief
断绝 : 外交关系 、 贸易往来
duànjué: wàijiāoguānxì、màoyìwǎnglái
break off/sever: diplomatic relations, trade contracts
制裁:实行制裁、给予严厉制裁、受到法律制裁
zhìcái: shíxíng zhìcái、jǐyǔ yánlì zhìcái、shòudào fǎlǜ zhìcái
sanction: implement sanctions, giver severe sanctions, to be given legal sanctions
制止:暴行、罪行、非法活动
zhìzhǐ:bàoxíng、zuìxíng、fēifǎ huódòng
prevent: atrocity, criminal acts, illegal activities
克制:采取克制态度、对 … 表现出极大的克制
kèzhì:cǎiqǔ kèzhì tàidu、duì…biǎoxiàn chū jídàde kèzhì
restrain; control: exercise restraint, to exercise great restraint towards...
落实:政策、计划
luòshí:zhèngcè、jìhuà
implement: policy, plan,
导致:分裂、… 结局、… 后果
dǎozhì:fēnliè、…jiéjú、…hòuguǒ
result in: division or break up, final result, aftermath or consequence
涉及:重大原则性问题、共同关心的问题
shèjí:zhòngdà yuánzéxìng wèntí、gòngtóng guānxīnde wèntí
involve: weighty questions (problems) of principle, questions of mutual concern
从事:从事外交活动、科学研究
cóngshì:cóngshì wàijiāo huódòng、cóngshì kēxué yánjiū
to be engaged in: diplomatic activities, scientific research
勾结:反对 … 与 …相互勾结
gōujié: fǎnduì…yǔ…xiānghù gōujié
collaborate with: oppose ... and ...mutual collaboration
重申:国策、立场、原则
chóngshēn: guócè、lìchǎng、yuánzé
reaffirm: national policy, position, principle
阐明:方针政策、立场、观点
chǎnmíng:fāngzhēn zhèngcè、lìchǎng、guāndiǎn
expound/clarify: general and specific policies, position, standpoint
发挥:各党派的作用、优势、专长
fāhuī:gèdǎngpàide zuòyòng、yōushì、zhuāncháng
bring into play: functions of various parties, superiority, specialty
维护:人民利益、团结、民族尊严、世界和平
wéihù:rénmín lìyì、tuánjié、mínzú zūnyán、shìjiè hépíng
safeguard: people's interest, unity, national dignity, world peace
捍卫:国家主权、领土完整 、民族利益
hànwèi:guójiā zhǔquán、lǐngtǔ wánzhěng、mínzú lìyì
guard/defend: national sovereignty, territorial integrity, national interest
保障:国家安全、言论自由
bǎozhàng:guójiā ānquán、yánlùnzìyóu
safeguard: national security, freedom of speech
保留:军队、权力、个人意见
bǎoliú:jūnduì、quánlì、gèrén yìjian
retain: troops, authority, individual opinion
保持:非官方关系、中立立场、密切联系
bǎochí: fēiguānfāng guānxì、zhōnglì lìchǎng、mìqiè liánxì
preseve: unofficial relations, neutral position, close contact
坚持:正义斗争、和平共处五项原则、改革开放方针
jiānchí:zhèngyì dòuzhēng、hépínggòngchǔ wǔxiàng yuánzé、gǎigékāifàng fāngzhēn
persist or insist on: fight for justice, five principles of peaceful coexistence,policy of reform and openess to the outside world
扶持:新政权、对 … 给予扶持
fúchí:xīn zhèngquán、duì ... jǐyǔ fúchí
support: renovated government power, render support for ....
孤立:反对派、敌人、少数派
gūlì: fǎnduìpài、dírén、shǎoshù pài
isolated: oposition, enemy, minority factions
加强:国防力量、合作、友好关系
jiāqiáng: guófáng lìliàng、hézuò、yǒuhǎo guānxì
strengthen: national power, cooperation, friendly relations
强调: … 的重要性、原则、情况特殊
qiángdiào: …de zhòngyàoxìng、yuánzé、qíngkuàng tèshū
stress: the importance of ....., principles, particular situations
发布 :联合公报、新闻、命令
fābù: liánhégōngbào、xīnwén、mìnglìng
issue or announce: joint communique, news, directive/order
尊重:主权、和平共处的原则
zūnzhòng: zhǔquán、hépínggòngchǔ de yuánzé
respect: soverignty, principles of peaceful coexistence
承认:党的章程、… 为唯一的合法政府
chéngrèn: dǎngde zhāngchéng、wèi wéiyī de héfǎ zhèngfǔ
recognize: (the) party's rules/regulations, for the only legitimate govmt.
享有:民主、自由、平等权利、崇高的威望
xiǎngyǒu: mínzhǔ、zìyóu、píngděng quánlì、chónggāo de wēiwàng
enjoy: democracy, freedom, equal rights, high prestige
阻碍/ 阻挠:… 的发展、进程、谈判
zǔài/ zǔnáo:…de fāzhǎn、jìnchéng、tánpàn
hinder/obstruct: the development of..., course, negotiations
试图 : 破坏谈判 、 制造矛盾 、 分裂国家
shìtú : pòhuài tánpàn、zhìzào máodùn、fēnliè guójiā
attempt: destroy negotiations/talks, manufacture contradictions, divide the country
破坏:谈判、决议、条约
pòhuài: tánpàn、juéyì、tiáoyuē
destroy: negotiations/talks, resolutions, treaty/pact
违反:原则、规定、规章制度
wéifǎn: yuánzé、guīdìng、guīzhāngzhìdù
violate: principles, rules, regulations
陷于:困境、被动地位、陷于僵局
xiànyú: kùnjìng、bèidòng dìwèi、jiāngjú
fall into: difficult position, status of disadvantage, stalemate
反抗:外来的侵略、进行反抗、有反抗精神
fǎnkàng: wàilái de qīnlüè、jìnxíng fǎnkàng、yǒu fǎnkàng jīngshén
resist, revolt: external aggression, engage in revolt, has a spirit of resistance
抗议:对 … 提出抗议、提出抗议照会
kàngyì: duì… tíchū kàngyì、tíchū kàngyìzhàohuì
protest: bring forward a protest to ... , raise a note of protest
对抗:两国之间的对抗、对抗情绪
duìkàng: liǎngguó zhījiān de duìkàng、duìkàngqíngxù
resist: resistance between two countries, antagonism
施加压力:对 … 施加压力、施加 … 影响
shījiā yālì: duì…shījiā yālì、shījiā… yǐngxiǎng
exert pressure: put pressure on..., exert influence on ....
遭到:破坏、失败、抵抗
zāodào: pòhuài、shībài、dǐkàng
meet with/encounter: destruction, failure, resistance
侵犯:领土和主权、人权、人民利益
qīnfàn: lǐngtǔ hé zhǔquán、rénquán、rénmín lìyì
violate: territory and sovereign, human rights, peoples interests
侵略:侵略行动、侵略者
qīnlüè : qīnlüè xíngdòng、qīnlüèzhě
invade: invasion operations, invader
侵占:侵占它国领土、侵占人民利益
qīnzhàn: qīnzhàn tā guó lǐngtǔ、qīnzhàn rénmín lìyì
invade and occupy: invade the country's territory, invade the people's interest
瓜分:领土、权力、势力范围
guāfēn: lǐngtǔ、quánlì、shìlìfànwéi
divide up: terrirtoy, authority, sphere of influence
谴责/指责:罪行、… 对 … 的侵略行径
qiǎnzé/zhǐzé: zuìxíng、…duì…de qīnlüè xíngjìng
condemn/criticise: criminal acts, condemn the acts of invasion
分裂:国家、党、制造分裂
fēnliè: guójiā、dǎng、zhìzào fēnliè
split/divide: country, party, create or make a split/separation
威胁:世界和平、邻国的安全、… 受到威胁
wēixié: shìjiè hépíng、línguó de ānquán、… shòudào wēixié
threaten: world peace, neighboring country's peace, to be given threats
谋求:霸权、和平统一、和平共处
móuqiú: bàquán、hépíng tǒngyī、hépíng gòngchǔ
seek/strive for: hegemony (supremacy), peaceful unification, peaceful coexistence
否认:无理指责、协定、事实
fǒurèn: wúlǐ zhǐzé、xiédìng、shìshí
deny: groundless charge, agreement, fact
许诺:对 … 不作任何许诺
xǔnuò: duì… bù zuò rènhé xǔnuò
promise: don't make any promises concerning.....
压迫:人民、压迫阶级、压迫者
yāpò: rénmín、yāpò jiējí、yāpòzhě
oppress: people, opressor class, oppressor
迫害:爱国人士、战俘、少数民族
pòhài: àiguórénshì、zhànfú、shǎoshùmínzú
persecute: patriotic personage, prisoner of war, ethnic minority
泄漏/透露:国家秘密、军事机密、行动计划
xièlòu/ tòulù: guójiā mìmì、jūnshì jīmì、xíngdòng jìhuà
leak/divulge: state secrets, military secrets, operational plans
严惩:罪犯、叛徒、歹徒
yánchéng: zuìfàn、pàntú、dǎitú
punish severely: criminal, traitor/renegade, evildoer/ruffian
寻求:政治庇护、庇护权、庇护所
xúnqiú: zhèngzhìbìhù、bìhùquán、bìhùsuǒ
seek/explore: political asylum, right of asylum, asylum/sanctuary
呼吁:团结、呼吁书
hūyù: tuánjié、hūyùshū
appeal/plead for: unity, letter of appeal
声称:打破僵局
shēngchēng: dǎ pò jiāngjú
profess/claim: break a deadlock
发动:战争、政变、群众
fādòng: zhànzhēng、zhèngbiàn、qúnzhòng
start/launch: war, coup d'etat, the masses
粉碎:反革命阴谋、政变、敌人的进攻
fěnsuì: fǎngémìng yīnmóu、zhèngbiàn、dírén de jìngōng
smash: counterrevolutionary plot, coup d'etat, enemy attack
摆脱:殖民统治、枷锁、贫困
bǎituō: zhímín tǒngzhì、jiāsuǒ、pínkùn
cast off or shake off: colonial rule, yoke/chains, poor/impoverished
释放:战俘、被关押人员
shìfàng: zhànfú、bèi guānyā rényuán
release or set free: POW, personel locked up in prison
放弃:放弃权力、机会、合作
fàngqì: fàngqì quánlì、jīhuì、hézuò
abandon: renounce power/authority, chance, cooperation
开展:运动、活动、实验
kāizhǎn: yùndòng ,huódòng ,shíyàn
develop/launch: move, activity, experiment
增进/促进:友谊、相互了解、双方友好关系
zēngjìn/cùjìn: yǒuyì、xiānghù liǎojiě、shuāngfāng yǒuhǎo guānxì
enhance or promote: friendship, mutual understanding, friendly relations of both parties
调动:广大群众的积极性、军队、工作
diàodòng: guǎngdà qúnzhòng de jījíxìng、jūnduì、gōngzuò
move/bring into play: the enthusiasm of the vast masses, troops, work
协调:两国关系、 做协调工作、意见不协调

xiétiáo: liǎngguó guānxì、zuò xiétiáo gōngzuò、yìjian bù xiétiáo

harmonize: bilateral (of two countries) relations, do the work of coordination, ideas aren’t (don't) harmonized (coordinated).
稳定:局势、军心、情绪
wěndìng: júshì、jūnxīn、qíngxù
stabilize: situation, soldier's morale, emotions/feelings
制造:矛盾、分裂、舆论

zhìzào:máodùn、fēnliè、yúlùn

make: contradiction, split or divide, public opinion