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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which portions of the CNS does the anterior spinal artery supply? |
1. Ventral medial portion of medulla
2. Anterior 2/3 of spinal cord |
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The posterior spinal arteries supply which portion of the spinal cord?
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Posterior 1/3 of medulla |
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The artery of Adamkiewicz is usually found at which level of the spinal cord?
It provides blood to which regions of the body? |
L2
*Lower thoracic and upper lumbar segments |
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Describe the general, major effects that result from occlusion of the anterior spinal artery check to see of this is spinothalamic syndrome |
1. Reduced pain/temperature sensation |
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Occlusion of one posterior spinal artery will have what kind of effect?
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IPSILATERAL effects:
1. Reduction of touch/vibratory sense 2. Possible weakness of muscles in the lower half of the body |
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List the 4 arteries that supply the medulla
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1. Vertebral artery
2. Posterior inferior cerebellar 3. Posterior spinal 4. Anterior spinal |
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Which artery supplies the ventrolateral medulla?
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Vertebral artery
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Which arteries supply most of the dorsolateral medulla as well as the inferior cerebellum?
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Posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (PICAs) |
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Which arteries supply blood to the ventromedial portion of the medulla?
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Anterior spinal arteries |
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What is the major motor structure in the lower medulla affected by occlusion of the anterior spinal artery?
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Pyramidal decussation-motor nerves cross right to left a lesion above the decussation causes contra lateral motor signs b/c they have not crossed yet. at or below the decussation causes ipsilateral symptoms |
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The vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves exit the medulla in the territory of which artery?
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PICA |
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Which syndrome is associated with contralateral weakness, loss of discriminative touch, position, and vibration, and ipsilateral weakness of the tongue?
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Medial medullary syndrome
(anterior spinal artery) |
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Which syndrome is associated with loss of pain/temperature sensation from the contralateral body and ipsilateral face, ipsilateral loss of hearing, nystagmus, and ataxia, and hoarseness?
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Lateral medullary syndrome
(Wallenberg's syndrome) |
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Which arteries supply the pons? |
paramedial, short and long circumference branches of the basilar art |
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Which portions of the pons are supplied by AICA and superior cerebellar artery?
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AICA--> dorsolateral portion of the CAUDAL pons
Superior cerebellar --> dorsolateral portion of the ROSTRAL pons |
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Which syndrome may present with the following symptoms?
Contralateral weakness of body, loss of discriminative touch, position, vibration. Ipsilateral weakness of lateral rectus muscle and facial weakness Paralysis of conjugate gaze toward side of lesion |
Medial pontine syndrome
(paramedian branches of basilar artery) |
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Lateral medullary syndrome is also known as?
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Wallenberg's syndrome
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Ventral pontine syndrome is also known as?
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Millard-Gubler syndrome
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Ventral pontine syndrome is due to problems with which arterial branches?
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Paramedian and short circumferential branches of basilar artery
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Medial pontine syndrome is due to a problem with which arterial branches?
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Paramedian branches of basilar artery
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Which syndrome may present with the following signs:
Contralateral weakness of body Ipsilateral weakness of lateral rectus muscle Ipsilateral facial weakness |
Ventral pontine syndrome
(Millard-Gubler syndrome) |
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Lateral potine syndrome is due to a problem with which arteries?
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Long circumferential branches of basilar artery
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Which of the following syndromes presents with the following problems?
Ataxia, unsteady gait, nystagmus, vertigo Loss of pain/temp from ipsilateral face and contralateral body Facial weakness, chewing weakness Paralysis of conjugate gaze |
Lateral pontine syndrome
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Locked-in syndrome is caused by occlusion of which artery?
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Basilar artery
(reduces flow of paramedian and short circumferential arteries BILATERALLY) |
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Which movements/sensations are still intact in locked-in syndrome?
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Vertical eye movements |
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Bilateral paralysis of body and facial muscles are signs of which syndrome?
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Locked-in syndrome
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Branches of which 3 major arteries supply the midbrain?
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1. Basilar
2. Posterior cerebral 3. Internal carotid |
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List 7 arteries that supply the midbrain
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1. Superior cerebellar
2. Posterior cerebral 3. Posterior communicating 4. Quadrdigeminal 5. Medial posterior choroidal 6. Thalamogeniculate 7. Anterior choroidal |
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Which 2 arteries perfuse the ventromedial portion of the midbrain throughout its extent?
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1. Posterior cerebral artery
2. Posterior communicating artery |
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Which 2 arteries supply the dorsal portion of the midbrain at the level of the inferior colliculus?
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1. Superior cerebellar
2. Quadrigeminal |
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Which 2 arteries supply the dorsal portion of the midbrain at the level of the superior colliculus?
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1. Medial posterior choroidal
2. Quadrigeminal |
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At the junction of the midbrain and thalamus, which artery supplies the most lateral portions of the midbrain?
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Thalamogeniculate artery
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Considering the pattern of arterial supply, the midbrain can be divided into which 3 zones? |
1. Ventromedial
2. Ventrolateral 3. Dorsal |
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Considering the pattern of arterial supply, the pons can be divided into which 3 vascular zones?
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1. Medial
2. Ventrolateral 3. Dorsolateral |
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Considering the pattern of blood supply, the medulla can be divided into which 3 zones?
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1. Ventromedial
2. Ventrolateral 3. Dorsolateral |
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The quadrigeminal artery is a branch of which artery?
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Posterior cerebral artery
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Medial midbrain (Weber) syndrome is due to a problem with which artery?
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Posterior cerebral artery
(paramedian branches of the P1 segment) |
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Which syndrome results in the following signs?
Contralateral weakness of body Ipsilateral oculomotor paralysis and pupillary dilation |
Medial midbrain (Weber) syndrome |
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Claude syndrome (midbrain tegmentum lesion) is due to a problem with which artery?
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Posterior cerebral artery
(paramedian branches of the P1 segment) |
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Which syndrome may present with the following signs?
Ipsilateral oculomotor paralysis and pupillary dilation Contralateral ataxia and cerebellar signs Contralateral reduction in discriminative touch/position |
Claude syndrome (midbrain tegmentum lesion)
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Medial midbrain syndrome is also known as?
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Weber syndrome
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Benedikt syndrome is a combination of which syndromes?
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Weber and Claude syndromes
(both are due to problems with the paramedian branches of the posterior cerebral artery) |
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Which syndrome is defined as deficit in vertical gaze?
Are problems with upward gaze or downward gaze more common? |
Parinaud's syndrome
*Upward gaze more commonly affected |
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What usually causes Parinaud's syndrome?
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Pineal tumor which damages the posterior commissure and surrounding regions
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The arterial system to the brain can be divided into which two systems?
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1. Internal carotid system
2. Vertebrobasilar system |
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What is the first major branch of the internal carotid artery once it enters the subarachnoid space?
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Ophthalmic artery
|
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Which portions of the cerebral cortex are supplied by the anterior cerebral arteries?
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1. Anterior and superior portions of the medial cortex
2. Superior part of lateral hemisphere (including paracentral gyri) |
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The primary sensory and motor cortices are supplied by which artery?
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Anterior cerebral artery
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What are the first (and very important) branches of the middle cerebral artery?
Which structures do they supply? |
Lenticulostriate arteries
*Supply internal capsule and basal ganglia |
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Describe the portions of the cerebral cortex supplied by the superior and inferior divisions of the middle cerebral artery
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Superior division:
1. Frontal lobe 2. Superior 1/2 of parietal lobe Inferior division: 1. Inferior 1/2 of parietal lobe 2. Part of the temporal lobe |
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The posterior cerebral artery perfuses which portions of the brain?
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1. Medial temporal lobe
2. Occipital lobe 3. Part of midbrain and thalamus |
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Describe the affects of occlusions to the anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery on arm and leg paralysis.
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Anterior cerebral --> leg paralysis
Middle cerebral --> arm paralysis |
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"Man in the barrel syndrome" can occur with a border zone infarction involving the territories of which arteries?
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Anterior and middle cerebral arteries
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Border zone infarctions involving the territories of the middle and posterior cerebral arteries commonly produce what kind of deficits?
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Visual deficits
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Describe, in general, the areas of the brain supplied by the internal carotid system and verebrobasilar system
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Internal carotid system --> cortex and internal capsule
Vertebrobasilar system --> brainstem, cerebellum, and occipital lobe |
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List 5 deficits that result from damage to the internal carotid system
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1. Hemiparesis (contralateral body + face)
2. Hemisensory loss (contralateral body + face) 3. Homonymous hemianopia 4. Monocular vision loss 5. Aphasia or aprosodia |
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Describe the different causes of hemianopsia with damage to the internal carotid and vertebrobasilar systems |
Hemianopsia with damage to ICA system is due to damage to lateral geniculate nucleus or optic radiation |
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What is the difference between hemiparesis and hemisensory loss that develops from damage to the internal carotid system and the vertebrobasilar system?
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ICA --> contralateral hemiparesis hemisensory loss to body AND face
Vertebrobasilar --> contralateral hemiparesis/hemisensory loss to BODY, ipsilateral to FACE |
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List 5 deficits that result from damage to the vertebrobasilar system
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1. Hemiparesis (contralateral body, ipsilateral face)
2. Hemisensory loss (contralateral body, ipsilateral face) 3. Diplopia or homonymous hemianopia 4. Dysphagia/ dysarthria 5. Dysequeilibrium |
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The cavernous sinus receives blood from which vein?
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Superficial middle cerebral vein
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The cavernous sinus drains into which two sinuses?
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Superior and inferior petrosal sinuses
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What are cisterns?
What do they contain? |
Enlargements of subarachnoid space
Contain: 1. CSF 2. Arteries 3. Veins 4. Cranial nerves |