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Front 1

composed of phospholipids

Back 1

cell membrane

Front 2

phosholipids

Back 2

- phosphat

- lipids

Front 3

phosphat

Back 3

- head

- outward

- hydrophilic

Front 4

lipids

Back 4

- tail

- inward

- hydrophobic

Front 5

describes as a fluid mosaic

يتم وصفها بأنها سائله مزخرفه

Back 5

membrane

Front 6

keep it liquid at lower tempreture

يحافظ على السيوله في درجة الحراره المنخفضه

Back 6

cholestrole

Front 7

unsaturated lipids = double bound liquid .

دهون غير مشبعه

Back 7

tail

Front 8

proteins are embedded in phospholipids .

بسبب وجود البروتين في الدهون الفوسفاتيه

Back 8

mosaic

Front 9

six major functions of membrane proteins .

٦ وظائف للبروتينات في الغشاء .

Back 9

- enzyme activity

نشاط انزيمي

- transport molecules

نقل الجزيئات

- receptors for chemical messengers

مستقبله للرسائل الكيميائيه

- cell rrcognition

تمييز الخلايا

- inter cellular joining

الربط الخلوي الداخلي

- attachment to cytokeleton and ECM .

الاتصال بالهيكل الخارجي والاغشيه

Front 10

allow some substance to cross or transport ( selective permability )

الاغشيه تسمح للمواد بالعبور او النقل ( قابله للنفاذيه )

Back 10

membranes

Front 11

types of molecules

Back 11

- polar

- non-polar

Front 12

glucose and other sugar - dont cross easily

Back 12

polar

قطبيه

Front 13

CO2 , O2 , H2O - cross easily

Back 13

non-polar

Front 14

From high concentration to lower concentration

Back 14

passive transport

Front 15

equilibrium

Back 15

passive transport

Front 16

transport ( proteins , lipids , ions , complex sugar )

Back 16

active transport

Front 17

important to maintain internal conc of, K , Na ions in cells against their conc

Back 17

active transport

Front 18

uses two mechanisms for moving large molecules through membrane

Back 18

- Exocytosis

الطرد الخلوي

- Endocytosis

الادخال الخلوي

Front 19

- outside

- export bulky molecules such as protein and polysaccharides .

للخارج ، تقوم الخليه بطرد الجزيئات كالبروتين والسكريات المعقده

Back 19

Exocytosis

Front 20

- inside

- import matirials useful to cell

Back 20

Endocytosis

Front 21

despression in the plasma membrane pinches and forms a vesicles enclosing materials

منخفض في الغشاء البلازمي ، يضيق ويكون حويصله مغلقه

Back 21

Endocytosis

Front 22

spills out protein & lipids

تفرز البروتين والدهون

Back 22

vesicles of golgi appartus

حويصلات جولجي

Front 23

manufacture the insulin and secrete it into bloodstream

يصنع الانسولين ويفرزه بمجرى الدم

Back 23

pancreas

البنكرياس

Front 24

Endocytosis occurs in 3 ways :

Back 24

- phagocytosis البلع الخلوي

- pinocytosis الشرب الخلوي

- Receptors الادخال

Front 25

cellular eating , engulf particles by extensions called pseudopodla

تبتلع الجسميات بواسطة امدادات قدميه زائفه

Back 25

phagocytosis

Front 26

cellular drinking

Back 26

pinocytosis

Front 27

cells gulps droplets of fluid into tiny vesicles

تشرب قطرات السائل بحويصلات صغيره جدا

Back 27

pinocytosis

Front 28

mediated endocytosis with help of a specific proteins

الادخال بواسطة مستقبلات من البروتينات المساعده الخاصه

Back 28

Receptors

Front 29

mechanical energy

Back 29

- kinetic حركيه

- potential وضع

Front 30

energy of motion

Back 30

kinetic

Front 31

stored energy

Back 31

potential

Front 32

kinetic energy to

Back 32

potential energy

Front 33

in cell chemical energy to

Back 33

heat

Front 34

in car kinetic energy to

Back 34

heat

Front 35

study of energy transformation

Back 35

thermo dynamics

Front 36

chemical reactions in living organisms either to store or release energy

تفاعلات كيميائيه في الكائنات الحيه سواء مخزنه للطاقه او مطلقه للطاقه

Back 36

Metabolism الايض

Front 37

series of chemical reactions that either break down a complex molecules

Back 37

catabolism

هدم

Front 38

build up a complix molecules

Back 38

( anabolism ) بناء

Front 39

is the immediate source of energy that powers cellular work

مصدر مباشر لطاقة العمل الخلوي

Back 39

ATP

Front 40

type of protein that act like catalystis speed up the cells chemical reactionsbby lowering energy .

نوع من البروتينات يعمل كمحفزات من تفاعلات الخلايا بأقل طاقه

Back 40

Enzymes

Front 41

Each enzyme has a particular target molecule ( substrate ) and has an active site interacts with substrate .

لكل انزيم جزيء معين يدخل في منطقته النشطه

Back 41

Enzymes

Front 42

has a unique 3d shape

Back 42

Enzyme

Front 43

for optimium activity

- enzyme require 37° and neutral PH

لعمل مثالي للانزيم يتطلب درجة حراره ٣٧ درجه حمضيه معتدله

Back 43

Enzyems

Front 44

some enzymes require non-protein helpers like :

بعض الانزيمات تحتاج مساعدات غير بروتينيه مثل

Back 44

- Cofactors ( inorganic minerals )

- Coenzymes ( organic molecules )=vitamins

Front 45

chemical that inhibit an enzyemes activity .

مواد كيميائيه تضعف نشاط الانزيم

Back 45

inhibitors

المثبطات

Front 46

compete for enzymes active site and block substrates from entering the active site .

تغلق المنطقه النشطه للانزيم وتمنع دخول الجزيء

Back 46

competitive inhebitors

مثبطات تنافسيه

Front 47

change the shape of enzyemes active site

تغير شكل المنطقه النشطه للانزيم

Back 47

non-competitve inhibitors