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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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An association of logic with mathematics, then mathmetics with fear, thus producing an association of logic with fear, is an example of what?
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This is an instance of logical inference.
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What does juxtapose mean?
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Juxtapose means place side-by-side.
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A basic ingrediant of our thoughts and understanding that forbids paring of contradictory notions is called what?
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The law of non-contradiction forbids paring of contradictory notions.
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What is the Law of excluded middle?
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The law of excluded middle allows us to choose between contradictory options.
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Critical creativity that encourages testing, permits rejection or maintenance and delights in conceivable improvement of our knowledge, this long-term creative process is known as
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Experimentalism or pragmatism.
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What is the study of arguments? |
Logic |
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Define logic
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The study of arguments.
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What is the result of deductive logic?
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When applied properly, deductive logic produces conclusions from the evidence supplied that are matters of certainty.
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Inductive logic, when properly applied, produces what from obtained evidence?
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Inductive logic conclusions are matters of probability and, in the course of things, degrees of probability.
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All categorical syllogisms are arguments reaching a conclusion through what?
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All categorical syllogism's reach conclusions through the use of two premises constructed of three terms.
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In a categorical syllogism, each of its components are what, or addresses what?
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Categorical syllogisms address a category or class of things
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A piece of reasoning that, from two pieces of evidence produces a conclusion that is a matter of certainty, is an example of what kind of reasoning?
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Deductive reasoning results in matters of certainty.
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If we have a correct pattern of deductive argumentation, what can we say about the argument form?
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We say the argument form is valid if we have a correct pattern of deductive argument.
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A deductive argument that so uses validity and truth together is said to be... |
a sound argument. In all genuinely sound arguments, conclusions are matters of invariable truth and certainty: their turgh matters not in the least on what we personally think of them |
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Conclusions of sound deductive arguments are ... |
matters of objective knowledge rather than matters of subjective opinion. |
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In syllogism, the first term of the first premise returns as.. |
the first term of the conclusion. |
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In syllogism, the last term of the second premise returns as... |
the last term of the conclusion. |
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In syllogism, the term that seems to stand in the middle is represented twice.. |
in the premise materials in a kind of 'diagonal' relation,k but is not represented in the conclusion at all. |
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name two things that will render an argument unsound |
invalidity or a false premise |
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An argument's validity is a function of its.. |
internal structure |
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Can a valid argument reach a false conclusion |
??I think yes - if it is based on a false premise. I think the argument can still be valid, it's just based on garbage - check |
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Validity itself is - or is not - dictated by actual truth |
is not |
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How did Peirce define a class |
A number of objects distinguished by common characters from all others, as regarded as a collective unit or group; a collection capable of a general definition: a kind. |
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Syllogisms are by definition limited to... |
Syllogisms are limited to three terms and two premises. |
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What is an algorithm?
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An algorithm is a mechanical procedure for caring out, in a finite number of steps, a computation that leads from certain types of data to certain types of results.
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What is a logical machine?
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A logical machine is a machine which, being fed with premises, produces the necessary conclusions from them.
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