Introduction The management function of planning constitutes the basic fundamental function of management. Organizations formulate one or more detailed plans to achieve optimum balance of needs or demands with the resources available in this primary phase which is planning. Planning provides guidance for the organization by bridging the gap between where an organization is and where it would like to go (Newbrander, Peercy, and Vergeer, 2012). The management function of planning can be studied in four major subjects which are strategic planning, operational and tactical planning, contingency planning and scenario planning. This paper reviews various articles on each one of the themes and their application in different industries and management
…show more content…
He first presents the four phases of what he calls traditional strategic planning, where the organization first scans the internal and external environments to determine strength, weakness, opportunities and threats; also identifies past and present trends. Secondly, management defines long-term objectives and short-term goals based on the information gathered during environmental scanning. The third phase is to generate implementation, spell out in details the necessary steps to achieve the goals and objectives. In the final phase, management evaluates and control, keep tract of the obstacles that arise during the implementation process, and make adjustments where needed. Secondly, Roth (2015) presents another approach to planning: reactive, inactive, preactive, and interactive stressing the interactive planning. The planner focuses on designing organizations capable of monitoring continuously the changes in the environment and adapting to them. Roth (2015) concludes that instead of beginning strategic planning effort by scanning the environment, organizations tend to define long-term objectives and short-term goals at the beginning of the interactive planning, hence shaping the organization to efficiently and effectively deal with and take advantage of continuous …show more content…
(2012) present new mathematical model, which considers different time resolution, using hypothetical numerical examples for strategic planning. Here the model is designed for a production-distribution network with multiple commodities, and the network echelons are suppliers, productions units, warehouses and customers. The proposed model determines the network expansion mode and the production and distribution planning, but the strategic decisions of the proposed model are the network design and expansion which are made in low resolution. Strategic planning in supply chain management, where a mathematical model is developed for the design and expansion planning of a four echelon dynamic production-distribution network; and also expansion of supply chain restricted to cumulative net incomes. Decisions are made about supplier selection, facility, and quantity of raw material to be supplied so on and so forth. The hypothetical numerical example illustrates the proposed
He first presents the four phases of what he calls traditional strategic planning, where the organization first scans the internal and external environments to determine strength, weakness, opportunities and threats; also identifies past and present trends. Secondly, management defines long-term objectives and short-term goals based on the information gathered during environmental scanning. The third phase is to generate implementation, spell out in details the necessary steps to achieve the goals and objectives. In the final phase, management evaluates and control, keep tract of the obstacles that arise during the implementation process, and make adjustments where needed. Secondly, Roth (2015) presents another approach to planning: reactive, inactive, preactive, and interactive stressing the interactive planning. The planner focuses on designing organizations capable of monitoring continuously the changes in the environment and adapting to them. Roth (2015) concludes that instead of beginning strategic planning effort by scanning the environment, organizations tend to define long-term objectives and short-term goals at the beginning of the interactive planning, hence shaping the organization to efficiently and effectively deal with and take advantage of continuous …show more content…
(2012) present new mathematical model, which considers different time resolution, using hypothetical numerical examples for strategic planning. Here the model is designed for a production-distribution network with multiple commodities, and the network echelons are suppliers, productions units, warehouses and customers. The proposed model determines the network expansion mode and the production and distribution planning, but the strategic decisions of the proposed model are the network design and expansion which are made in low resolution. Strategic planning in supply chain management, where a mathematical model is developed for the design and expansion planning of a four echelon dynamic production-distribution network; and also expansion of supply chain restricted to cumulative net incomes. Decisions are made about supplier selection, facility, and quantity of raw material to be supplied so on and so forth. The hypothetical numerical example illustrates the proposed