Somatic epidermal stem cells at the basal layer of epidermis is responsible to maintain skin homeostasis. When cutaneous injuries occur, skin homeostasis and integrity is damaged, leading to fatal traumatizing under severe conditions. Skin wound healing is an intrinsic self-saving chain-reaction, which is crucial in facilitating the replacement of damaged or lost tissue. Immense amounts of research have uncovered the mechanisms underlying this complex and highly regulated process. It is commonly agreed that wound healing is separated into four overlapping stages: hemostasis, inflammation, re-epithelialization and remodeling. In this review, we will dissect the biological process of adult skin wound healing process and emphasize the importance
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irradiation, pathogen, dehydration and physical stress), and elaborating the body surface with appendages [1,2]. Under circumstance of cutaneous wounds, damaged epidermis requires appropriate healing process to repair or regenerate skin functions. The skin homeostasis is sustained by skin somatic stem cells, which are localized within the basal layer (Fig. 1) of the skin epithelium and underlie the remarkable resilience of skin. To replenish cells that are lost during tissue turnover or following injury, epidermal stem cells periodically exit from their niches at basement membrane and execute their program of terminal …show more content…
Using mouse skin as an example (Fig. 1), from the innermost and least differentiated layer, the skin epidermis is consisted of stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum and stratum cornuem. Keratinocytes differentiation initiates when basal keratinocytes move towards outside layers, which is a process called stratification. Because of the residence of epidermal stem cells at the basal layer, only basal keratinocytes possess the ability of proliferation and giving rise to the other three differentiated epidermal layers throughout the life of an organism [3]. Therefore, epidermal stem cells are crucial in fueling the skin epidermal turnover (desquamation) and facilitating the replacement of damaged or lost tissue [1-4]. In this review, we will talk about the biological process of adult skin wound healing and the essential contributions of epidermal stem cells during these steps. We will also discuss the implementation of current clinical approaches in wound treatment that are closely based upon epidermal stem cells and their
irradiation, pathogen, dehydration and physical stress), and elaborating the body surface with appendages [1,2]. Under circumstance of cutaneous wounds, damaged epidermis requires appropriate healing process to repair or regenerate skin functions. The skin homeostasis is sustained by skin somatic stem cells, which are localized within the basal layer (Fig. 1) of the skin epithelium and underlie the remarkable resilience of skin. To replenish cells that are lost during tissue turnover or following injury, epidermal stem cells periodically exit from their niches at basement membrane and execute their program of terminal …show more content…
Using mouse skin as an example (Fig. 1), from the innermost and least differentiated layer, the skin epidermis is consisted of stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum and stratum cornuem. Keratinocytes differentiation initiates when basal keratinocytes move towards outside layers, which is a process called stratification. Because of the residence of epidermal stem cells at the basal layer, only basal keratinocytes possess the ability of proliferation and giving rise to the other three differentiated epidermal layers throughout the life of an organism [3]. Therefore, epidermal stem cells are crucial in fueling the skin epidermal turnover (desquamation) and facilitating the replacement of damaged or lost tissue [1-4]. In this review, we will talk about the biological process of adult skin wound healing and the essential contributions of epidermal stem cells during these steps. We will also discuss the implementation of current clinical approaches in wound treatment that are closely based upon epidermal stem cells and their