1. What are cells, and why is it important to study them?
Cells are the smallest form of life. These cells make up all of the structural and functional parts of an organism. Cells perform jobs and produce sweat, saliva, enzymes, hormones, and antibodies. It is important to study cells because every biological problem can be solved by studying the cell, since all living things either is or was a cell at some point.
2. List five different organelles and describe what they do.
Nucleus- The nucleus is the organelle that contains the cell’s DNA. This DNA is used as instructions to produce proteins. The nucleus occupies up to 10% of a cell.
Cell Membrane-The cell membrane’s job is to contain and protect the cell. The membrane also has gates, pumps, …show more content…
How do cells specialize (differentiate) and why is this important? Cells differentiate because of how the body regulates genes. The body can turn a gene on, off, or make the gene weak. Cells control the genes by controlling the RNA polymerase. To turn certain genes on, RNA polymerase is attracted with molecular tags. To turn a gene off different tags are used to repel the RNA polymerase. It is important for the cells to specialize because of what the cell produces. For example, liver cells produce a lot of enzymes in order to break down toxins. It is also important to differentiate because the genes control the shape of the cell. The rod cells and cone cells need the genes to form in a rod or a cone shape. In order to make cells more fit for their job, the body can alter the balance of organelles. Since the heart need to pump blood non-stop, it uses a lot of ATP. Heart cells contain several thousand mitochondria organelles to provide the large volume of ATP.
2. Give three examples of different specialized cells and explain how they are customized to accomplish their cellular duties.
Immune Cells-Immune cells are specialized in producing antibodies. These antibodies are very important in fighting infections in the …show more content…
The fruit fly oocytes develop similarly to human oocytes, making the fruit fly oocytes ideal for study. Researching the oocytes help the scientists better understand how oocytes mature. This research could help in understanding fertility problems and the causes of birth defects.
Amoebae (Dictyostelia) - Scientist use amoebae as a model system to study cell movement. They are used because amoebae also are made up of eukaryotic cells. The amoebae is studied for the molecular triggers for chemotaxis. The scientists have learned that the process of moving the amoebae relies on specific lipid molecules in the edge of the roving cell. By studying the amoebae’s cell movement and chemotaxis, new treatments for abnormal cell movement may be discovered.
Frog Oocytes- Frog oocytes are easy to view, large, and readily available, which make them ideal for studying healing wounds. Similarly to human epithelial cells, frog oocytes heal by forming contractile rings. The contractile rings surround the wound and shrink the hole. By finding the molecules which regulate the formation of contractile rings, better ways to treat injuries may be discovered.
5. Give two examples of why a cell’s shape is
Cells are the smallest form of life. These cells make up all of the structural and functional parts of an organism. Cells perform jobs and produce sweat, saliva, enzymes, hormones, and antibodies. It is important to study cells because every biological problem can be solved by studying the cell, since all living things either is or was a cell at some point.
2. List five different organelles and describe what they do.
Nucleus- The nucleus is the organelle that contains the cell’s DNA. This DNA is used as instructions to produce proteins. The nucleus occupies up to 10% of a cell.
Cell Membrane-The cell membrane’s job is to contain and protect the cell. The membrane also has gates, pumps, …show more content…
How do cells specialize (differentiate) and why is this important? Cells differentiate because of how the body regulates genes. The body can turn a gene on, off, or make the gene weak. Cells control the genes by controlling the RNA polymerase. To turn certain genes on, RNA polymerase is attracted with molecular tags. To turn a gene off different tags are used to repel the RNA polymerase. It is important for the cells to specialize because of what the cell produces. For example, liver cells produce a lot of enzymes in order to break down toxins. It is also important to differentiate because the genes control the shape of the cell. The rod cells and cone cells need the genes to form in a rod or a cone shape. In order to make cells more fit for their job, the body can alter the balance of organelles. Since the heart need to pump blood non-stop, it uses a lot of ATP. Heart cells contain several thousand mitochondria organelles to provide the large volume of ATP.
2. Give three examples of different specialized cells and explain how they are customized to accomplish their cellular duties.
Immune Cells-Immune cells are specialized in producing antibodies. These antibodies are very important in fighting infections in the …show more content…
The fruit fly oocytes develop similarly to human oocytes, making the fruit fly oocytes ideal for study. Researching the oocytes help the scientists better understand how oocytes mature. This research could help in understanding fertility problems and the causes of birth defects.
Amoebae (Dictyostelia) - Scientist use amoebae as a model system to study cell movement. They are used because amoebae also are made up of eukaryotic cells. The amoebae is studied for the molecular triggers for chemotaxis. The scientists have learned that the process of moving the amoebae relies on specific lipid molecules in the edge of the roving cell. By studying the amoebae’s cell movement and chemotaxis, new treatments for abnormal cell movement may be discovered.
Frog Oocytes- Frog oocytes are easy to view, large, and readily available, which make them ideal for studying healing wounds. Similarly to human epithelial cells, frog oocytes heal by forming contractile rings. The contractile rings surround the wound and shrink the hole. By finding the molecules which regulate the formation of contractile rings, better ways to treat injuries may be discovered.
5. Give two examples of why a cell’s shape is