During the introduction of Tong Wars: The Untold Story of Vice, …show more content…
Seligman explains how the Hip Sing Tongs were more violent when retaliating against rival gang members. However, the On Leong Tongs were more sophisticated as well as organized. Seligman utilizes a secondary source called New York’s Chinatown to describe the On Leong gang. Written by Louis J. Beck, the author uses positive descriptions of this Chinese gang. Seligman explains how Beck’s principle sources were On Leongs, “whom he portrayed in glowing terms, making no mention of their association with vice.” (64) The On Leongs had several law enforcement officials on their payroll. This allowed their businesses to thrive and protected their clients. The Hip Sings threatened individuals who would fail to make a payment themselves, not to mention, inflict pain using hatchets, daggers, and firearms among anything