2.4.3 The Livelihood Strategies Just as the concept of household requires clarification, so too does the concept of livelihood level strategies. There are semantic difficulties with the concept of ‘strategies’. Shelley Feldman (1992:9) claims that the use of the term ‘strategy’ results in assessing a form of behaviour embracing neither choice nor negotiation. “As such, the term strategy omits the actual processes involved in choosing among a range of possible options”. Thus, some researchers have preferred to use the concept of coping mechanisms, with ‘coping’ as it defined as a short-term response to an immediate problem within the prevailing rule or in this study it is concerning in the livelihood strategies. Livelihood strategies can
…show more content…
This means that the policy is composed with the awareness of the economic and social milieu of the poor households. For example, a case study made by Jaiyebo (2003) in Nigeria demonstrates that most women choose supplementary occupations to sustain the households’ basic needs. The study also finds the most preferred supplementary occupation is trading activity such as sale of snacks, soft drinks, fried bean balls and so on (ibid). This is because they find that trading is convenient to ensure they have cash in hand most of the times. Thus, in relation to this, it can be relate on how most of the single mother in Kampung Sungai Panjang, Sungai Besar who mostly earn their income through working at the palm oil plantation and perform other supplementary occupations such as food stall business besides their formal working hours, and some of them choose to be a part time tailor in order to survive and provide the needs to their …show more content…
Positive outcomes of the livelihood strategies adopted by the poor should improve incomes, reduce vulnerability, increase well-being and be socially and environmentally sustainable (Rakodi & Jones, 2002). On the other hand, the outcomes of livelihood strategies may be ineffective for example if long term consumption declines, assets are lost permanently, or if they are socially or environmentally unsustainable (Rakodi & Jones,
This means that the policy is composed with the awareness of the economic and social milieu of the poor households. For example, a case study made by Jaiyebo (2003) in Nigeria demonstrates that most women choose supplementary occupations to sustain the households’ basic needs. The study also finds the most preferred supplementary occupation is trading activity such as sale of snacks, soft drinks, fried bean balls and so on (ibid). This is because they find that trading is convenient to ensure they have cash in hand most of the times. Thus, in relation to this, it can be relate on how most of the single mother in Kampung Sungai Panjang, Sungai Besar who mostly earn their income through working at the palm oil plantation and perform other supplementary occupations such as food stall business besides their formal working hours, and some of them choose to be a part time tailor in order to survive and provide the needs to their …show more content…
Positive outcomes of the livelihood strategies adopted by the poor should improve incomes, reduce vulnerability, increase well-being and be socially and environmentally sustainable (Rakodi & Jones, 2002). On the other hand, the outcomes of livelihood strategies may be ineffective for example if long term consumption declines, assets are lost permanently, or if they are socially or environmentally unsustainable (Rakodi & Jones,