Accordingly, SES has been associated with variations across a number of executive functioning domains including attention, memory, language proficiency, and cognitive ability (Ardila, Rosselli, Matute, & Guajardo, 2005; Farah et al., 2006; Mezzacapa, 2004; Noble, McCandliss, & Farah, 2007)(Nuru-Jeter, Sarsour, Jutte & Boyce). Although definitions of SES have broadened, poverty remains one of the most frequently used SES indicators in child health and developmental research. From this research, children who are born in low socioeconomic status are affected considerably and will remain in destitute, thus affecting their physical/mental health, and ability to perform basic tasks compared to children who are born in higher socioeconomic status. In their study of early childhood development, Duncan et al. (1994) found that both poverty and continuous family income had a stronger effect on IQ, internalizing symptoms, and externalizing symptoms than maternal education. Without any doubt, children who are born in luxurious lifestyle will have higher IQ level compared to under privileged children, struggling …show more content…
Children born in SES neighborhood face many health, behavior, violence and educational progress which has great impact on child development. In the article, “Impact of Neighborhood Social Conditions and Household Socioeconomic Status on Behavioral Problems Among US Children” author mentioned that “neighborhood and household socioeconomic influences on child health and behavioral outcomes, including physical inactivity, obesity, school achievement, perceived health status, mental health, youth violence, and behavioral problems. Many aspects of neighborhood environment that are thought to influence children’s health, such as socioeconomic deprivation, poor housing, crime, and lack of social amenities are potentially modifiable through social policies [4–6, 12].” This quote shows factors related SES neighborhood environment also effect on child’s health. For example, when a children live in low- socioeconomic status they have to experience lack of basic facilities, poverty and crime. When a children see the crimes happening around them, they will also learn and try to commit those crimes to meet their needs. In another quote author mention that “Neighborhood effects on children’s behavioral outcomes may be further explained in terms of other neighborhood or social processes, such as availability of institutional resources, e.g., public libraries and recreation/community centers; social