Likewise, personality testing is primarily designed based on specific personality theories and are developed empirically through tests that identifies individuals of differing personalities. Some of the most prominent theories from which personality testings’ are derived include; psychodynamic approaches, behavioral approaches, trait, type and state theories, humanistic approaches and empirical approaches. Some techniques for categorizing personality tests were proposed by Koppitz and include verbal, visual, drawing, manipulative and objective measures. Verbal techniques incorporate verbal stimuli and verbal responses which can be communicated either orally or in writing. Equally, visual techniques involve the presentation of visual stimuli
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Studies with Nigerian children have found that by the third grade level, their performance in school was affected by poor spelling (Nwanze, 2001). As such, appropriate usage of ability and intelligence testing could prove useful in identifying children who are at risk of demonstrating reading and spelling difficulties prior to moving to third grade. Similarly, studies conducted by Catts, Fey, Tomblin and Zhang (2002) examined the reading outcomes in children with language impairments and found that the presence of a developmental language impairment increases the risk for reading disabilities in children. Another study, which looked at creativity, emotional intelligence and school performance in elementary school children revealed that school performances were predicted by creativity and not emotional intelligence (Hansenne & Legrand, 2012). Likewise, IQ achievement discrepancy model has been used for identifying students with special learning disabilities as well as students who are at risk for developing a special learning disability (Restori, Katz & Lee, …show more content…
Ethical standards for evaluation, assessment and interpretation are presented in the American Counseling Association’s code of ethics and serves as a guideline for counselors to operate in an ethical manner. Other resources for ethical practices in counseling assessment include Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing, Responsibilities of Users of Standardized Tests and the code of Fair Testing Practices in Education. The clinician is responsible for the appropriate use of instruments, “must have technical knowledge related to assessment and be conversant and competent in aspects of testing” (Whiston, 2009 p. 347). It is also essential that counselors provide clients with information regarding their rights and responsibilities of the tests. Additionally, a counselor should respect the clients’ privacy, their rights to the results, confidentiality and to the least stigmatizing
Studies with Nigerian children have found that by the third grade level, their performance in school was affected by poor spelling (Nwanze, 2001). As such, appropriate usage of ability and intelligence testing could prove useful in identifying children who are at risk of demonstrating reading and spelling difficulties prior to moving to third grade. Similarly, studies conducted by Catts, Fey, Tomblin and Zhang (2002) examined the reading outcomes in children with language impairments and found that the presence of a developmental language impairment increases the risk for reading disabilities in children. Another study, which looked at creativity, emotional intelligence and school performance in elementary school children revealed that school performances were predicted by creativity and not emotional intelligence (Hansenne & Legrand, 2012). Likewise, IQ achievement discrepancy model has been used for identifying students with special learning disabilities as well as students who are at risk for developing a special learning disability (Restori, Katz & Lee, …show more content…
Ethical standards for evaluation, assessment and interpretation are presented in the American Counseling Association’s code of ethics and serves as a guideline for counselors to operate in an ethical manner. Other resources for ethical practices in counseling assessment include Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing, Responsibilities of Users of Standardized Tests and the code of Fair Testing Practices in Education. The clinician is responsible for the appropriate use of instruments, “must have technical knowledge related to assessment and be conversant and competent in aspects of testing” (Whiston, 2009 p. 347). It is also essential that counselors provide clients with information regarding their rights and responsibilities of the tests. Additionally, a counselor should respect the clients’ privacy, their rights to the results, confidentiality and to the least stigmatizing