This literature review will begin with a discussion of the link between parental education and SES. Then, a discussion of parental education and SES will include its link to children’s risk of violence. In particular, inter-partner violence, adolescent violence, dating violence and school violence will be examined. Gender differences will also be explored.
Theoretical Standing
There are three specific theories that have been found related in the relationship of dating violence. The first and main theory would be Banduras Social Learning Theory. This theory is used to explain the learned behavior of violence experienced in families, creating the infamous cycle of violence. This theory suggests that children learn through direct behavioral …show more content…
Social Control theory examines deviant behavior as a result from absence of absence of social (external) or personal (internal) controls in relation an individual or group (Bowie, 2004).. Social controls are considered connections, attachments to institutions such as family, school or organized religion. Personal controls are individual characteristics such as self-concept or personality traits. This theory suggests that extensive social controls such as diligent parental supervision and involved parenting can actually prevent youth from engaging in risky behaviors such as perpetrating violence towards peers and even dating partners (East & Hokoda, 2015). This theory also suggests that the youth is less likely to perpetrate or become victim of interpersonal violence if there is a presence of two adult parental figures at home. This is most likely due to the reasoning that the parental monitoring and supervision would increase and reduce the likelihood of violence (East & Hokoda, 2015). If there are positive protective factors such as family, school, organizations or even a sports team, this could inhibit problem behavior and produce a positive outlook in life. The cycle of violence could potentially be broken or prevented if the parent and or child are introduced to positive factors such as support, positive role models, love and safety (Bowie, 2004). Positive protective …show more content…
When parents experience increased stress and difficulties balancing personal life, family life and parenting (Pettit et al., 2009), the accumulated stress and the low educational background create the risk for poor-quality parenting and child maltreatment (Goodlin & Dunn, 2010; Temcheff et al., 2008).
Children’s Increased Aggression. Children having low socioeconomic status and having parents with low parental education have been found to show higher levels of aggression when compared to children from high socioeconomic status and increased parental education level (Sprinkle, 2007). They are also more likely to be exposed to domestic violence and engage in violent and aggressive behaviors (Sprinkle, 2007). Low socioeconomic status and low parental education is actually a factor in children having a low self-esteem and having severe behavior problems making them more vulnerable to interpersonal violence perpetration, victimization and acceptance of the abuse (Foshee et al., 2008; Spriggs et al., 2009; Nabors & Jasinski, 2009). Low parental education level is a very dangerous risk factor which at times creates a vicious and violent cycle of abuse; perpetration and victimization. Those who are
Theoretical Standing
There are three specific theories that have been found related in the relationship of dating violence. The first and main theory would be Banduras Social Learning Theory. This theory is used to explain the learned behavior of violence experienced in families, creating the infamous cycle of violence. This theory suggests that children learn through direct behavioral …show more content…
Social Control theory examines deviant behavior as a result from absence of absence of social (external) or personal (internal) controls in relation an individual or group (Bowie, 2004).. Social controls are considered connections, attachments to institutions such as family, school or organized religion. Personal controls are individual characteristics such as self-concept or personality traits. This theory suggests that extensive social controls such as diligent parental supervision and involved parenting can actually prevent youth from engaging in risky behaviors such as perpetrating violence towards peers and even dating partners (East & Hokoda, 2015). This theory also suggests that the youth is less likely to perpetrate or become victim of interpersonal violence if there is a presence of two adult parental figures at home. This is most likely due to the reasoning that the parental monitoring and supervision would increase and reduce the likelihood of violence (East & Hokoda, 2015). If there are positive protective factors such as family, school, organizations or even a sports team, this could inhibit problem behavior and produce a positive outlook in life. The cycle of violence could potentially be broken or prevented if the parent and or child are introduced to positive factors such as support, positive role models, love and safety (Bowie, 2004). Positive protective …show more content…
When parents experience increased stress and difficulties balancing personal life, family life and parenting (Pettit et al., 2009), the accumulated stress and the low educational background create the risk for poor-quality parenting and child maltreatment (Goodlin & Dunn, 2010; Temcheff et al., 2008).
Children’s Increased Aggression. Children having low socioeconomic status and having parents with low parental education have been found to show higher levels of aggression when compared to children from high socioeconomic status and increased parental education level (Sprinkle, 2007). They are also more likely to be exposed to domestic violence and engage in violent and aggressive behaviors (Sprinkle, 2007). Low socioeconomic status and low parental education is actually a factor in children having a low self-esteem and having severe behavior problems making them more vulnerable to interpersonal violence perpetration, victimization and acceptance of the abuse (Foshee et al., 2008; Spriggs et al., 2009; Nabors & Jasinski, 2009). Low parental education level is a very dangerous risk factor which at times creates a vicious and violent cycle of abuse; perpetration and victimization. Those who are