Summary
Jordan (2003) explained that local government expenditures goes through punctuations. This is due to the implementation of certain policies. The author also highlighted that expenditures are incremental in that the allocation of spending can also lead to stability in cities. Wood & Waterman (1993) focused on the way political institutions has affected bureaucratic behavior. They explained that bureaucrats go through an adaptation processes in the political environment sending and receiving multiple stimuli and stimulus. Rourke (1991) explained the level of involvement of bureaucratic role in policy development and the way administrative agencies has been impacted by changes in the political arena.
Synthesis
Punctuations in the Local …show more content…
They claimed that bureaucratic behavior are impacted by political institutions. For instance, political entities such as congress, courts, and the president has impacted bureaucrats through imposing constraints, investigating the efficacy of bureaucratic activity, and altering relations in a policy system to affect bureaucratic behavior directly or indirectly through democratic processes.They also claimed that specific events from these sources has impacted bureaucratic behavior. These include discrete events that occurs at once, but last for some time. There are event processes that are time-ordered variables that contain sets of discrete events in an episodic sequence (Wood & Waterman, 1993). There is also tonal mechanisms that consist of the accumulation of events that affects the character relations between political actors. These events than evoke various and different level of responses from …show more content…
Peters (2013) explained that bureaucrats play an important role in interpreting legislation and make important decisions while applying laws and regulations to individual cases. Rourke (1991) mentioned that the role of divided government has an impact on the role bureaucrats play in national policymaking. Rourke (1991) stated, “both the president and the Congress have looked elsewhere for advice on policy issues and restricted the discretion allowed to bureaucrats in making the everyday decisions necessary to put policies into effect.” He also noted that bureaucrats role in the development of national policies has diminished over time due to the hiring of presidential appointee and public-interest
Jordan (2003) explained that local government expenditures goes through punctuations. This is due to the implementation of certain policies. The author also highlighted that expenditures are incremental in that the allocation of spending can also lead to stability in cities. Wood & Waterman (1993) focused on the way political institutions has affected bureaucratic behavior. They explained that bureaucrats go through an adaptation processes in the political environment sending and receiving multiple stimuli and stimulus. Rourke (1991) explained the level of involvement of bureaucratic role in policy development and the way administrative agencies has been impacted by changes in the political arena.
Synthesis
Punctuations in the Local …show more content…
They claimed that bureaucratic behavior are impacted by political institutions. For instance, political entities such as congress, courts, and the president has impacted bureaucrats through imposing constraints, investigating the efficacy of bureaucratic activity, and altering relations in a policy system to affect bureaucratic behavior directly or indirectly through democratic processes.They also claimed that specific events from these sources has impacted bureaucratic behavior. These include discrete events that occurs at once, but last for some time. There are event processes that are time-ordered variables that contain sets of discrete events in an episodic sequence (Wood & Waterman, 1993). There is also tonal mechanisms that consist of the accumulation of events that affects the character relations between political actors. These events than evoke various and different level of responses from …show more content…
Peters (2013) explained that bureaucrats play an important role in interpreting legislation and make important decisions while applying laws and regulations to individual cases. Rourke (1991) mentioned that the role of divided government has an impact on the role bureaucrats play in national policymaking. Rourke (1991) stated, “both the president and the Congress have looked elsewhere for advice on policy issues and restricted the discretion allowed to bureaucrats in making the everyday decisions necessary to put policies into effect.” He also noted that bureaucrats role in the development of national policies has diminished over time due to the hiring of presidential appointee and public-interest