A closer look at world maps depicts 193 sovereign states with disputed, but relatively stable borders (Florea, 2014). However, there exist more than 20 political units which are without international recognition. Moreover, they were not accepted to United Nations. Such units are academically known as pseudo-states, de facto states or quasi-states (O´Loughlin et al., 2011). “Conceptually, de facto states are separatist entities that exercise a monopoly over the use of violence in a given territory” (Florea, 2014, p. 791). Generally, the de facto state is defined as a polity which is a part of acknowledged country but is not its colony. They pursue some extent of partition from that given country and have proclaimed independence, or at least
…show more content…
It advances Russian North Ossetia and covers 3900 km2 (Hoch et al., 2014). From the 19th century, Ossetians were given a pro-Russian orientation due to their geography and Orthodox Church (De Waal, 2010). During the period from January 1991 to June 1992 the war between South Ossetia and Georgia took place. The result of this war were thousands of casualties, hundreds of lost and massive migrations of people. The political outcome of the war was a new de facto state of South Ossetia (Hoch et al., 2014). The Russian army was successfully put into the role of a peacemaker (De Waal, 2010). There were not enough local politicians who would run a de facto state and for this reason a large number of government members were brought from Russia (Hill, 2010). Nobody examined the reason why was Russia so largely dealing with the issues of South Ossetia. The attitude of Russia towards the issues of South Ossetia was continually multi-dimensional (Hoch et al., 2014). The war in August 2008 changed the entire situation as Russia supported the claims of South Ossetia for their independence (Hoch et al., 2014). The international recognition of South Ossetia happened simultaneously with the important economic and military help from Russia, which secured the state a powerful position (Hoch et al., 2014). As the South Ossetians refused to accept the independence of Georgia meaning that they are simply without citizenship, Moscow confirmed its position by granting Russian citizenship to masses of people of South Ossetia as a means of humanitarian aid. The main idea of this Russian help was to allow traveling abroad freely (Socor, 2002 as quoted in Hoch et al., 2014). As a result, over 90% of the people of South Ossetia became the Russian citizens. Very powerful remains also its economic and security partnership. Russia has granted large amounts of financial aid, approximately 28,000 USD per person. Apart from this
It advances Russian North Ossetia and covers 3900 km2 (Hoch et al., 2014). From the 19th century, Ossetians were given a pro-Russian orientation due to their geography and Orthodox Church (De Waal, 2010). During the period from January 1991 to June 1992 the war between South Ossetia and Georgia took place. The result of this war were thousands of casualties, hundreds of lost and massive migrations of people. The political outcome of the war was a new de facto state of South Ossetia (Hoch et al., 2014). The Russian army was successfully put into the role of a peacemaker (De Waal, 2010). There were not enough local politicians who would run a de facto state and for this reason a large number of government members were brought from Russia (Hill, 2010). Nobody examined the reason why was Russia so largely dealing with the issues of South Ossetia. The attitude of Russia towards the issues of South Ossetia was continually multi-dimensional (Hoch et al., 2014). The war in August 2008 changed the entire situation as Russia supported the claims of South Ossetia for their independence (Hoch et al., 2014). The international recognition of South Ossetia happened simultaneously with the important economic and military help from Russia, which secured the state a powerful position (Hoch et al., 2014). As the South Ossetians refused to accept the independence of Georgia meaning that they are simply without citizenship, Moscow confirmed its position by granting Russian citizenship to masses of people of South Ossetia as a means of humanitarian aid. The main idea of this Russian help was to allow traveling abroad freely (Socor, 2002 as quoted in Hoch et al., 2014). As a result, over 90% of the people of South Ossetia became the Russian citizens. Very powerful remains also its economic and security partnership. Russia has granted large amounts of financial aid, approximately 28,000 USD per person. Apart from this