Infant Vision Development

The visual system is the most complex sensory system in the human body (Swartout-Corbeil, n.d.), which contains receptor cells that are sensitive to the physical energy of light. However, it is very immature system at birth. As children grow, more complex skills, like visual perception, develop (Swartout-Corbeil, n.d.). Usually, infants spend first weeks and months learning to see; their sense of hearing is much more dominant than the sense of sight. Most newborn infants will open their eyes within the first few days, but they need about two weeks to get used to daylight, since they spent a long time in their mothers ' dark uterus as a fetus. A neonate is unable to see patterns because of the immature optic muscles. William James, the great …show more content…
There are three steps in infants ' vision development: birth to four months, five to eight months, and nine to twelve months. During the first step, which is from birth to four months, babies can open their eyes. Some babies can open their eyes right after when they are born; if not, their eyes need time within a week. Newborn infants need at least two weeks to get used to daylight. Psychologist Zemach 's study was about the infants show spontaneous looking preferences among isoluminant chromatic stimuli. These differences in preference have often been called hue preferences. Newborns and 1-month-olds showed no reliable preferences among the four chromatic stimuli, but 3-month-olds showed the preference order red, yellow, blue, green (Zemach, 2006). The first demonstration of infants transfer learning from a black-and white photograph to an object (Shinskey & Jachens, 2014), but their vision is blurred because their eye muscles are very immature. Babies ' eyes often turn in or out or do not working together, which is a condition called strabismus (Swartout-Corbeil, n.d.). During this period, the black and white mobile can help stimulate infants ' visual development. Infants ' eyes cannot focus on objects more than eight to ten inches from their faces. Parents can help their infants develop their eye sight by playing hide and seek games with …show more content…
Also, at about five months old, infants can see the differences of colors and recognize it. Infants looked most at wavelengths from the spectral extremes—perceptually, red and blue, and least at midspectral wavelengths—perceptually, blue-green, green, and especially yellow-green (Zemach, 2006). Irish Zemach 's study about the infants ' color vision: Prediction of infants’ spontaneous color preferences. In this paper, three more alternative explanations: colorimetric purity; infant detection thresholds; and adult-like variations in saturation. Three experiments were conducted (Zemach, 2006). Since, infants start to see full range of colors, change to colorful toys and mobile. During this period, infants ' eyes are capable of working together to form a three-dimensional view of the world and begin to see in