Kacie Lee
Sawyer P.5
Formal Outline - Sophomore Persuasive
12/08/17
Animal Experimentation Formal Outline
I. Introduction
"...even if considerable congruence were shown between an animal model and its corresponding human disease, interspecies differences in physiology, behavior, pharmacokinetics, and genetics would significantly limit the reliability of animal studies, even after a substantial investment to improve such studies" (Akhtar 411).
Animal experimentation is one of the oldest practices still used in the status quo. Descriptive accounts of dissections of live animals from approximately 500 BC seem all too familiar in modern day with over 100 million animals senselessly killed in the United States for medical, educational, or business …show more content…
"Most animal experiments are not relevant to human health, they do not contribute meaningfully to medical advances and many are undertaken simply out of curiosity and do not even pretend to hold promise for curing illnesses. The only reason people are under the misconception that animal experiments help humans is because the media, experimenters, universities and lobbying groups exaggerate the potential of animal experiments to lead to new cures and the role they have played in past medical advances" ("Animal" par. 4).
Development
This citation means that the animal testing used currently does not help the modern day scientists discover new medical breakthroughs. Although they have helped in the past, like when scientists discovered glycogen, which is essential for diabetics, current testing does not produce such advances due to the level of medical intricacy the modern world is currently at.
This citation supports my point because since present-day animal experimentation does not improve society, animal experimentation is flawed.
Second, modern high-tech alternative methods have been developed to replace animal …show more content…
Second, most of the drugs that pass animal testing fail the human tests.
"The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has noted that 92 percent of all drugs that are shown to be safe and effective in animal tests fail in human trials because they don't work or are dangerous. And of the small percentage that are approved for human use, half are relabeled because of side effects that were not identified in animal tests" ("Animal" par. 6).
Development:
This citation means that even though animals are used to test the effectiveness of drugs, their results end up being ineffective. The majority of the drugs that pass the animal testing fail when humans test them. Additionally, unknown side effects that did not occur during the animal testing appear during the human testing.
This citation proves my point because it since 92 percent of the drugs fail the actual human testing, animal experimentation is ineffective.
III. Rebuttal
Not everyone agrees that animal testing is an incorrect practice, as a matter of fact, some believe that animal experimentation is an ethical practice that saves lives and is vital to testing and finding cures that can be used on the human
Sawyer P.5
Formal Outline - Sophomore Persuasive
12/08/17
Animal Experimentation Formal Outline
I. Introduction
"...even if considerable congruence were shown between an animal model and its corresponding human disease, interspecies differences in physiology, behavior, pharmacokinetics, and genetics would significantly limit the reliability of animal studies, even after a substantial investment to improve such studies" (Akhtar 411).
Animal experimentation is one of the oldest practices still used in the status quo. Descriptive accounts of dissections of live animals from approximately 500 BC seem all too familiar in modern day with over 100 million animals senselessly killed in the United States for medical, educational, or business …show more content…
"Most animal experiments are not relevant to human health, they do not contribute meaningfully to medical advances and many are undertaken simply out of curiosity and do not even pretend to hold promise for curing illnesses. The only reason people are under the misconception that animal experiments help humans is because the media, experimenters, universities and lobbying groups exaggerate the potential of animal experiments to lead to new cures and the role they have played in past medical advances" ("Animal" par. 4).
Development
This citation means that the animal testing used currently does not help the modern day scientists discover new medical breakthroughs. Although they have helped in the past, like when scientists discovered glycogen, which is essential for diabetics, current testing does not produce such advances due to the level of medical intricacy the modern world is currently at.
This citation supports my point because since present-day animal experimentation does not improve society, animal experimentation is flawed.
Second, modern high-tech alternative methods have been developed to replace animal …show more content…
Second, most of the drugs that pass animal testing fail the human tests.
"The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has noted that 92 percent of all drugs that are shown to be safe and effective in animal tests fail in human trials because they don't work or are dangerous. And of the small percentage that are approved for human use, half are relabeled because of side effects that were not identified in animal tests" ("Animal" par. 6).
Development:
This citation means that even though animals are used to test the effectiveness of drugs, their results end up being ineffective. The majority of the drugs that pass the animal testing fail when humans test them. Additionally, unknown side effects that did not occur during the animal testing appear during the human testing.
This citation proves my point because it since 92 percent of the drugs fail the actual human testing, animal experimentation is ineffective.
III. Rebuttal
Not everyone agrees that animal testing is an incorrect practice, as a matter of fact, some believe that animal experimentation is an ethical practice that saves lives and is vital to testing and finding cures that can be used on the human