Marathons are very long races that is very physically demanding to the body. An athlete can not expect to show up the day of a marathon, without training, and complete the race (and even if they do, it will take them a very long time). Lots of training has to be put in to do well in a marathon, and the best way to train does not just involve building muscular endurance. The best way to train for a marathon involves increasing the amount of blood cells in your body, to increase the amount of energy your body can make, which in turn makes for a better marathon runner. lactic acid, glucose, aerobic, anaerobic, ATP, fermentation, Krebs Cycle, NADH, electron transport system, water, oxygen, glycolysis, (mitochondria, cytoplasm), red blood cells
…show more content…
The circulatory system involves breathing, and the bloodstream. The process starts with the inhalation of air. Air can enter the body for the nose or the mouth. Air travels through the nose and into the nasal cavity which is lined with hairs and mucus, which filter and moisturize air going into the lungs, and trap dust and other particles (Taylor). Air can also enter through the mouth. Here there is no protection against particles, but more air can enter and has a shorter distance to travel. The air then travels down the pharynx and goes through the larynx to the trachea (Taylor). The …show more content…
NADH and FAD2 carry electrons over to the electron transport chain where electrons are dropped off. NAD+ drops its electrons off at flavoprotein, and flavoprotein is reduced. It is then passed down to the next compound, iron sulfur protein, and then it is passed down again to ubiquinone (Reece 172-173). The electron keeps getting passed down. This process makes it so that not all the energy is given off at once which would make the reactions explosive, and the cells would not be able to use the energy. The ETC does not create energy, but rather it sets the stage for, ATP synthesis and chemiosmosis which does. The ETC sends the protons that are being released during its course out into the intermembrane space, This creates a gradient, and the protons want to diffuse down the gradient to areas of less protons, in this case the mitochondrial matrix. This is called chemiosmosis (Reece 173-175). The ATP synthase harness the power of chemiosmosis. The synthase is located between the matrix and the intermembrane space, and as the proton diffuse down the gradient it spins a subunit of the synthases, like a water wheel, and this spinning creates ATP by combining ADP + Pi to make ATP (Reece 173-175). The first two steps create a total of 4 ATP by substrate level phosphorylation, but oxidative phosphorylation creates between 28- 30 ATP, for a total ATP production somewhere in the mid 30s, from just one
The circulatory system involves breathing, and the bloodstream. The process starts with the inhalation of air. Air can enter the body for the nose or the mouth. Air travels through the nose and into the nasal cavity which is lined with hairs and mucus, which filter and moisturize air going into the lungs, and trap dust and other particles (Taylor). Air can also enter through the mouth. Here there is no protection against particles, but more air can enter and has a shorter distance to travel. The air then travels down the pharynx and goes through the larynx to the trachea (Taylor). The …show more content…
NADH and FAD2 carry electrons over to the electron transport chain where electrons are dropped off. NAD+ drops its electrons off at flavoprotein, and flavoprotein is reduced. It is then passed down to the next compound, iron sulfur protein, and then it is passed down again to ubiquinone (Reece 172-173). The electron keeps getting passed down. This process makes it so that not all the energy is given off at once which would make the reactions explosive, and the cells would not be able to use the energy. The ETC does not create energy, but rather it sets the stage for, ATP synthesis and chemiosmosis which does. The ETC sends the protons that are being released during its course out into the intermembrane space, This creates a gradient, and the protons want to diffuse down the gradient to areas of less protons, in this case the mitochondrial matrix. This is called chemiosmosis (Reece 173-175). The ATP synthase harness the power of chemiosmosis. The synthase is located between the matrix and the intermembrane space, and as the proton diffuse down the gradient it spins a subunit of the synthases, like a water wheel, and this spinning creates ATP by combining ADP + Pi to make ATP (Reece 173-175). The first two steps create a total of 4 ATP by substrate level phosphorylation, but oxidative phosphorylation creates between 28- 30 ATP, for a total ATP production somewhere in the mid 30s, from just one