2. Introduction
Nitrogen fertilizer can aid increase crop production and provide more food for the growing population. Since earlier ages, people has shown preoccupation about soil fertility and soil exhaustion (Strawn, Bohn, & O'Connor, 2015). Some management practices such as manure application or crop rotation were known by Chinese 3000 years ago (Strawn, Bohn, & O'Connor, 2015). However, it was just in the last-century that the crop yield increased dramatically. Improvements of hybrids, soil conservation, and pest management contributed to rise crop yield, but the development of synthetic N fertilizers was in fact the crucial factor that boost the productivity (Havlin, Tisdale, Nelson, & Beaton, 2014). Considering the positive results achieved by N fertilizer application, farmers tend to over apply N fertilizer expecting to achieve greater grain yields, but usually the results are lower than the expected (Robertson & Vitousek, 2009). It is undeniable that the world population is still increasing, and for this reason, it is necessary to develop new strategies in order …show more content…
Leaching occurs with mobile the form of N (NO3-) that cannot be strongly bond with negative particles of soil. Clay minerals are composed by silica tetrahedral and aluminum octahedral. Physical, chemical, and biological weathering process promote rearrangement of this crystals causing the formation of electronic charges. This important property allows nutrients to bond with soil and increase the ability to be uptake by plants. Rainfall, nutrient leaching and organic matter content intensify the appearance of negative charge on soil. Negatively charged nutrient are transported with water beyond the root zone because their weak bond with negative particles on clay. Nitrate is this case is washed through the soil profile under massive water application. The water supply can be either through rainfall or irrigation (Havlin, Tisdale, Nelson, & Beaton,
Nitrogen fertilizer can aid increase crop production and provide more food for the growing population. Since earlier ages, people has shown preoccupation about soil fertility and soil exhaustion (Strawn, Bohn, & O'Connor, 2015). Some management practices such as manure application or crop rotation were known by Chinese 3000 years ago (Strawn, Bohn, & O'Connor, 2015). However, it was just in the last-century that the crop yield increased dramatically. Improvements of hybrids, soil conservation, and pest management contributed to rise crop yield, but the development of synthetic N fertilizers was in fact the crucial factor that boost the productivity (Havlin, Tisdale, Nelson, & Beaton, 2014). Considering the positive results achieved by N fertilizer application, farmers tend to over apply N fertilizer expecting to achieve greater grain yields, but usually the results are lower than the expected (Robertson & Vitousek, 2009). It is undeniable that the world population is still increasing, and for this reason, it is necessary to develop new strategies in order …show more content…
Leaching occurs with mobile the form of N (NO3-) that cannot be strongly bond with negative particles of soil. Clay minerals are composed by silica tetrahedral and aluminum octahedral. Physical, chemical, and biological weathering process promote rearrangement of this crystals causing the formation of electronic charges. This important property allows nutrients to bond with soil and increase the ability to be uptake by plants. Rainfall, nutrient leaching and organic matter content intensify the appearance of negative charge on soil. Negatively charged nutrient are transported with water beyond the root zone because their weak bond with negative particles on clay. Nitrate is this case is washed through the soil profile under massive water application. The water supply can be either through rainfall or irrigation (Havlin, Tisdale, Nelson, & Beaton,