As stated above Consumer Ethnocentrism is driven by a number of factors; Nationalism, Patriotism, Internationalism, Age, Gender, Education and Income. Demographics play a significant role in CET. Certain demographics such as age, income, gender and education, have been determined to relate to our ethnocentric identity. The age factor does not show a consistent influence on CET across countries. Consumer ethnocentrism increases with the age factor. The higher the age factor, the higher the shown level of ethnocentrism. It is generally recognized that younger consumers are not affected by personal experience and past events, and therefore will have less limitations and restrictions on their choice of products. Shin (1993), showed that older consumers have a tendency towards domestic products are more likely to be conservative, where younger consumers are attracted towards imported products.
When examining gender, it is seen that women are more patriotic, conservative and more interested in social harmony. Saying this, …show more content…
(Bilkey and Nes, 1982; Rierson 1967; Samiee,1994). CET is only applicable to situations where domestic alternatives are available. Throughout most countries of the world, particularly the G8 countries, the majority of product categories have a domestically manufactured alternative. However, in some countries for certain products only foreign manufactured products are available, for example, Automobiles in Ireland. CET may be extended to products from countries with a similar cultural background in developed countries. (Lantz and Loeb, 1996 and Watson and Wright, 2000). In developed countries, CET is particularly strong among those who are threatened by foreign competitors. They believe that their imports are reducing their employment levels and destroying their culture. (Shimp and Sharma, 1987 and Vida and Reardon,
When examining gender, it is seen that women are more patriotic, conservative and more interested in social harmony. Saying this, …show more content…
(Bilkey and Nes, 1982; Rierson 1967; Samiee,1994). CET is only applicable to situations where domestic alternatives are available. Throughout most countries of the world, particularly the G8 countries, the majority of product categories have a domestically manufactured alternative. However, in some countries for certain products only foreign manufactured products are available, for example, Automobiles in Ireland. CET may be extended to products from countries with a similar cultural background in developed countries. (Lantz and Loeb, 1996 and Watson and Wright, 2000). In developed countries, CET is particularly strong among those who are threatened by foreign competitors. They believe that their imports are reducing their employment levels and destroying their culture. (Shimp and Sharma, 1987 and Vida and Reardon,