By recognizing the value of gaining the high ground, the Union forces were able to take charge of some of the high ground around Gettysburg. Lee had planned an organized attack that depended on cooperation and coordination among his forces, but that didn't happen. His commanders misinterpreted Lee's orders and failed to follow through as quickly as Lee asked. The result: The retreat of the Confederate Army back to the South with no gain in either the war or its efforts to resupply and the loss of more than 1/3 of the Army of Northern Virginia. Lee offered his resignation, but President Jefferson Davis knew Lee was his best general and would not accept it.
Meade was a hot-tempered soldier who established a reputation as a tenacious fighter. His career started after graduating from West Point in 1835. He served as an artillery officer. He resigned to become a civil engineer and married in 1840. Meade found that he couldn't support his family on his civilian income and decided to rejoin the Army as a second lieutenant. Meade spent most of his second time around in military engineering. When the Civil War broke out he accepted a command in the Pennsylvania Volunteers as a brigadier