Zohydro is an opioid analgesic hydrocodone that no contains acetaminophen is a 12-h extended-release formulation. Its approval was against the FDA’s expert panel recommendation. Opioids have been widely used as treatment for non-cancer chronic pain. However, it may be some misunderstanding in the efficacy and safety of this drugs because of their potential misuse, abuse and addiction.
In the early 90s opioids were widely used because their few adverse effects and low abuse potential, nevertheless the tools were limited for monitoring responses and chronic use. In that time were a dramatic increase in the over-prescribing of opioids medications due to the misuse, abuse, diversion and addiction.
There is a broad spectrum in the response, adverse events, lack of efficacy due to single nucleotide polymorphism variants or development of tolerance to these kind of medications. …show more content…
This is a disadvantage. On the other hand there exist different drugs to relief chronic pain such as morphine and oxycodone.
Hydrocodone activates mu opioid receptors (MORs). MORs are G protein coupled receptors that inhibit cAMP production and activate G-protein mediated inwardly rectifying potassium channels (GIRKS). The therapeutic effect is due to the subsequent signaling pathway. Hydrocodone has to be activated by CYP2D6 to hydromorphone, which is responsible for most of the drug’s
In the early 90s opioids were widely used because their few adverse effects and low abuse potential, nevertheless the tools were limited for monitoring responses and chronic use. In that time were a dramatic increase in the over-prescribing of opioids medications due to the misuse, abuse, diversion and addiction.
There is a broad spectrum in the response, adverse events, lack of efficacy due to single nucleotide polymorphism variants or development of tolerance to these kind of medications. …show more content…
This is a disadvantage. On the other hand there exist different drugs to relief chronic pain such as morphine and oxycodone.
Hydrocodone activates mu opioid receptors (MORs). MORs are G protein coupled receptors that inhibit cAMP production and activate G-protein mediated inwardly rectifying potassium channels (GIRKS). The therapeutic effect is due to the subsequent signaling pathway. Hydrocodone has to be activated by CYP2D6 to hydromorphone, which is responsible for most of the drug’s