46). With such a large trade in the smuggling of drugs, the yakuza also supplies the United States, as it was estimated that “the yakuza smuggling operations supply an estimated 90 percent of the crystal methamphetamine that is available in Hawaii” (Gragert and Bruce, 2010, p. 177). However, with the drug trade being such an enormous business, the yakuza have been known to work with other groups for smuggling purposes. Gragert and Bruce (2010) contend “the yakuza have formed alliances with the powerful Hong Kong and Taiwan Chinese Triads for the purposes of trafficking heroin, amphetamines, migrant workers, and women and children for the sex slave trade” (p.177). Furthermore, the yakuza use the drug trade to assist in their human trafficking business by supplying the women with drugs; “Drugs are used to recruit new victims, to retain them in an exploited state and to maximize their exploitation” (Shelley, 2012, p.241). Moreover, yakuza members give the sex workers drugs, therefore when the women are refusing work, they can influence the women with drugs for their addictions. Using their powerful force in the drug trade with their human trafficking activities, larger revenues are created, making the yakuza extremely powerful among organized crime
46). With such a large trade in the smuggling of drugs, the yakuza also supplies the United States, as it was estimated that “the yakuza smuggling operations supply an estimated 90 percent of the crystal methamphetamine that is available in Hawaii” (Gragert and Bruce, 2010, p. 177). However, with the drug trade being such an enormous business, the yakuza have been known to work with other groups for smuggling purposes. Gragert and Bruce (2010) contend “the yakuza have formed alliances with the powerful Hong Kong and Taiwan Chinese Triads for the purposes of trafficking heroin, amphetamines, migrant workers, and women and children for the sex slave trade” (p.177). Furthermore, the yakuza use the drug trade to assist in their human trafficking business by supplying the women with drugs; “Drugs are used to recruit new victims, to retain them in an exploited state and to maximize their exploitation” (Shelley, 2012, p.241). Moreover, yakuza members give the sex workers drugs, therefore when the women are refusing work, they can influence the women with drugs for their addictions. Using their powerful force in the drug trade with their human trafficking activities, larger revenues are created, making the yakuza extremely powerful among organized crime