In the early 1970s, a 37 worded document referred to as Title IX was added to the law after president Nixon signed it. This now constitutional right stated, “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.” Women and men all over America brought up this problem and took the time to bring it up to congress with their state representatives and senate. This amendment was supported by coaches, congresswomen and congressmen, senators, and the president Richard Nixon. As a member of the US Senate, Joseph Califano, once said, “the point [of Title IX] was human dignity”
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Title IX was a long strung out process that had the involvement of many people, negatively or positively. As the American Civil Liberties Union expressed on a timeline, in 1970, the first congressional hearings on sex discrimination in education were heard by Rep. Edith Green, the Chair of Subcommittee on Higher Education of the Education and Labor Committee, and Rep. Congresswoman Patsy Mink for sex discrimination in education. On June 23, 1972, congress enacts Title IX as it was signed by president Nixon and all federal agencies are required to issue regulations to satisfy the statute. On May 20, 1974, an amendment was proposed by Senator John Tower to not include revenue-producing sports (such as basketball and football) from being considered when determining Title IX compliance. This was the first biggest movement against Title IX as some people believed it hindered male athletics (Gorman, 131). This amendment was rejected. Not until July 1, …show more content…
After Title IX, the previously legal discriminatory ways were then frowned upon and illegal. From 1971-1972, 294,000 girls nationwide played sports as women were frowned upon for playing sports or not allowed to play other sports, such as previously mentioned baseball and football. As Edith Green said, "It was perfectly legal to discriminate in any education program against girl or women,” (Blumenthal, 24). The total participation in Varsity Sports between 1971-72 were 3,666,917 boys and 294,015 girls. In college, between 1971-1972, 170,384 boys played college sports to the 29,977 girls playing college sports. In academic college and graduate school numbers, only including bachelor's degree award, the medical school enters, law school students, and vet school students, between 1971-1972 were 772,121 boys and 427,929 girls (42). That means, on average, between 1971-1972, for every 100 men in sports and athletics, there were only 27 women. This, unfortunately, was the reality that many women had to grow up in. A Neal McCluskey from Cato Institute said on March 30, 2005, “Unfortunately, as long as the government is involved, college sports will continue to revolve around political, rather than athletic, contests, and only the most politically skilled will win. Until now, that's been supporters of Title IX, who have succeeded in persuading policymakers to require that
Title IX was a long strung out process that had the involvement of many people, negatively or positively. As the American Civil Liberties Union expressed on a timeline, in 1970, the first congressional hearings on sex discrimination in education were heard by Rep. Edith Green, the Chair of Subcommittee on Higher Education of the Education and Labor Committee, and Rep. Congresswoman Patsy Mink for sex discrimination in education. On June 23, 1972, congress enacts Title IX as it was signed by president Nixon and all federal agencies are required to issue regulations to satisfy the statute. On May 20, 1974, an amendment was proposed by Senator John Tower to not include revenue-producing sports (such as basketball and football) from being considered when determining Title IX compliance. This was the first biggest movement against Title IX as some people believed it hindered male athletics (Gorman, 131). This amendment was rejected. Not until July 1, …show more content…
After Title IX, the previously legal discriminatory ways were then frowned upon and illegal. From 1971-1972, 294,000 girls nationwide played sports as women were frowned upon for playing sports or not allowed to play other sports, such as previously mentioned baseball and football. As Edith Green said, "It was perfectly legal to discriminate in any education program against girl or women,” (Blumenthal, 24). The total participation in Varsity Sports between 1971-72 were 3,666,917 boys and 294,015 girls. In college, between 1971-1972, 170,384 boys played college sports to the 29,977 girls playing college sports. In academic college and graduate school numbers, only including bachelor's degree award, the medical school enters, law school students, and vet school students, between 1971-1972 were 772,121 boys and 427,929 girls (42). That means, on average, between 1971-1972, for every 100 men in sports and athletics, there were only 27 women. This, unfortunately, was the reality that many women had to grow up in. A Neal McCluskey from Cato Institute said on March 30, 2005, “Unfortunately, as long as the government is involved, college sports will continue to revolve around political, rather than athletic, contests, and only the most politically skilled will win. Until now, that's been supporters of Title IX, who have succeeded in persuading policymakers to require that