The parents are hardly ever home, so the child spends a lot of time alone. It is essential for dual-earner families to have a, “open and frequent exchange of ideas…in which parents and children spend time together and respect each other’s ideas and feelings” (Kunz, 2013, p.275). Dual earning families struggle with keeping an open communication with their children, which can lead to the child feeling neglected. The child can then start to demonstrate deviant behavior, which is, “the set of actions that deviate from the common, accepted cultural rule such as delinquency or drug abuse” (Kunz, 2013 p.275). The child can be displaying deviant behavior because of the lack of attention received from the parents. Traditionally, women have had the role of taking care of the children while the men work. The deviant behavior from the child can specifically be because of the neglect given by the mother who is normally the caregiver. Now that the mother has taken the role of working, the child is left to fend for their selves without guidance from their mother, since “the characteristics and quality of mothers’ jobs play an important role in maternal and child well-being.” (Dunifon, 2013). For children in general, having their mother around is important for emotional development. Working mothers have been linked to have children with aggressive, anxious, and depressive behaviors. Not having …show more content…
Single mothers are becoming more frequent and they do not have any other option but to continue in the workforce. Single parent families can result from, “when a spouse dies and doesn’t remarry, a couple divorces or separates, a woman bears child without marrying the father or a single person adopts a child” (Kunz, 2013, p.152). Some negative effects of being a single mother include, “ economic hardship, less time and energy, and increased stress…” (Kunz, 2013, p.153). All these factors can directly affect the child’s emotional well-being. There are also positive benefits to being a single mother which include: a “stronger bond, wider network of adult friends, extra responsibilities that build skills, and able to manage conflict and disappointment” (Kunz, 2013, p.153). Single mothers have to work extra hard to create a stable environment for their child. Sometimes the parent is able to have help from friends, family and the community, which can help make the situation easier and benefit the child. However, not every single parent is able to have help from others and have to solely take care of the child on their own. This increases the risk of deviance in the child, delinquency, and emotional