William James Theory Of Belief Essay

Superior Essays
William James argued that under the right conditions it is legitimate to will to believe in something even without evidence to support it. The only reason not to will to believe something would be if there is evidence provided against it. He also claimed that one cannot be criticized for forming these beliefs (James, Part 5). This claim, by James, is incorrect. One, instead, should be able to criticize the beliefs of others. James is correct in claiming that one should use their will when forming certain beliefs; but contrary to what he thinks, this process does not lead to the maximization of true beliefs. Preconceptions heavily influence what one wills to believe. If these preconceptions are tainted by false knowledge, formation of new true beliefs becomes difficult. James’ theory would be effective at creating many new beliefs but his process does not emphasize the creation of true beliefs, as he desires. Without criticizing and discussing beliefs James’s idea of maximizing true beliefs is not accomplished.
William James was a radical empiricist (James, Preface). He says “‘radical’ because it treats the doctrine of monism itself as a hypothesis, and, unlike so much of the half-way empiricism that is current” (James, Preface). James believed that there are multiple true experiences of a singular reality. He believes there is no firm single truth that can explain the world in a one-to-one
…show more content…
If James’s theory was accepted, this would lead to ignorance and will hinder the maximization of true beliefs. Preconceptions heavily influence what one wills to believe. If these preconceptions are tainted by false knowledge, formation of new beliefs becomes difficult and can result in more truths being ignored. Without criticizing and discussing beliefs James’s idea of maximizing true beliefs is not

Related Documents

  • Great Essays

    According to Clifford, we should only hold beliefs that we have found sufficient evidence for by conducting an honest and patient investigation. He explains that beliefs are not something private we only hold to ourselves, instead our beliefs influence other people. For example, Clifford tells the story of a ship owner whose ship is going to take immigrants to another country, but his ship is old, so he's worried if it's seaworthy. He thinks he should get it checked, but then he thinks about the repair costs and pushes the doubts aside. The ship owner convinces himself that the ship has made many trips without any troubles, so it's fit for the journey.…

    • 1287 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In “Reasonable Religious Disagreements,” Richard Feldman posits that two reasonable peers cannot come to a reasonable disagreement. The premise of a “reasonable disagreement” has various conditions, in short being that the peers must be epistemic, and they must have shared all of their evidence pertaining to the argument. By this criteria, it is not plausible for two epistemic peers with access to the same body of evidence to ever reach reasonably different conclusions. However, a problem arises with the previously stated criteria when examining the point regarding full disclosure of evidence. When examining Feldman’s article from this perspective, it is possible that it may not be considered fully viable.…

    • 797 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The doubting game doesn't help us at finding the blind spots of flaws within our own thinking. It has been described in Peters essay that most of our flaws come from within our own assumptions. Peter describes believing coming to us naturally. We all believe in something naturally until someone criticizes our beliefs. He uses the examples of believing in God and Santa Claus as examples for something people typically believe in that may be discouraged or criticized by others.…

    • 484 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    William Clifford was an English philosopher and mathematician who lived from 1845 to 1879. He is best known for his revolutionary algebraic, mathematical physics, and geometry, but was also a well renowned philosopher with many published work, to include: The Ethics of Belief. He believed it was unethical for people to believe something without the proper evidence. The fact that we believe what our surroundings dictate, and how our society influences our beliefs, was his argument.…

    • 76 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Using these convictions as evidence of a faiths truth however is problematic. This is due to the impossibility of all religions being true since considering they do not share the same beliefs, and many faiths contradict each other’s teachings. If there is not a consensus of what religion is true, there is no reason to believe an individual’s emotional attachment to their religion, makes their religion at all greater in truth than another religion who also has devoutly attached…

    • 498 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    There has always been two driving forces in our culture, doubt and faith. The novel, A Prayer for Owen Meany by John Irving, tackles the ceaseless debate if doubt can exist alongside faith, to convey this message Irving implores two diverse characters. Owen Meany, an extremely faithful follower of Christ, and Johnny Wheelwright who is doubtful of the supernatural forces that Owen believes. However, both characters have transgressions against established systems in society. While faith and doubt are on opposite sides of the spectrum, Owen and Johnny are able to have a blooming friendship that eventually allows Johnny to grow his faith through Owen.…

    • 740 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Clifford and James are two philosophers who have contradicting opinions on whether having sufficient evidence is always necessary to believe in something. Where Clifford believes you cannot believe in anything without sufficient evidence, James believes that if the evidence doesn’t point in one way or another, it is justified to believe something based on our will. I will be arguing that James’ side is indeed correct. In James’ paper, he provides concrete evidence as to why his opinion is correct.…

    • 1154 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Naturalized epistemology has its basis in practicality and although it is not “truths” it is based on the accuracy of empirical knowledge that allows all organisms (thereby also including humans) to complete the current task. It becomes obvious that perfect truth is wasteful of time and resources, and dangerous as in the classic case of not avoiding a bush that might have a tiger until one is sure. Epistemology although coined by James Frederick Ferrier is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge and Justified belief. So it is the practicality that this form of knowledge that is gathered both…

    • 597 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Thus I lean more towards believing in Clifford’s rationalization that we should never fully believe something until we have sufficient evidence. The idea of Epistemology…

    • 1048 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Suppose this friend tells me that people that are older than me only want to control the youth and I believe it; this belief would have a consequence upon others. Clifford would say that “No belief is real unless it guides our actions and those very actions supply a test of its truth” (9) Therefore, if I truly believe my friend and this statement, I might begin to mistreat individuals older than me. On the other hand, I might say that just because I believe this I don’t necessarily have to act out on my belief. I may keep my belief to myself, but Clifford would say that even though I am keeping this belief to myself I might still be unconsciously acting upon it mentally.…

    • 1624 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    James and Pascal’s defences of faith in some of their most famous arguments, specifically Pascal’s, devalue faith by making faith selfish, providing an obvious out to faith, and making the decision of faith into a gamble, oddly, his devaluation of faith does not hurt his argument, it makes it easier to convince the skeptics. To prove that Pascal’s argument devalues faith and to understand why it doesn’t negatively affect his argument, it’s necessary to understand the whole argument. His argument can be split into quite a few premises. He starts with the possibility of God, which is the main idea of his argument. Basically, it’s possible that God does exists, and it’s also possible that God does not exist, something nearly everyone agrees on.…

    • 1025 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Myers is called the Levels-of-Explanation view. A great way to start with this approach is to understand that it emphasizes a multi-layered perspective. This view offers a lens that welcomes openness and complementary perspectives that can be used to build bridges between the gaps between science and faith. During this journey, it is crucial for individuals to be cautious of bias and cultures. The L-O-E approach points out that people tend to stick to their own perspective when they are searching for truth.…

    • 1097 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Even before World War One, the desire to abolish the cycle of war was apparent in civilized society. This was made apparent by William James with his essay “The Moral Equivalent of War”. In his essay, James argues through anecdotes and multiple viewpoints that another method besides warfare should be used to advance civilization. James utilizes perspective throughout his essay to strengthen his argument through an ethos appeal. Throughout his work, he consistently acknowledges two parties: pacifists and advocates of war.…

    • 463 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    “Man is by nature a social animal,” (Aristotle). Indeed, in a cognitive neuroscience investigation, Zaki et al. (2011) found people naturally desire social inclusion. This trait, perhaps originally a survival tactic, has made us especially prone to be influenced by others. Recognizing this problem, Hume wrote his controversial piece, Of Miracles, to argue that it is unreasonable for people to believe in testimony-based miracles.…

    • 1500 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Plato's Apology Argument

    • 970 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Every human being has the ability to decide what they believe and what they do not. At a very early age, we develop judgement that allows us to choose whether or not to accept certain claims. These assertions may be tempting, but our reasoning allows us to critically analyze the information with respect to all of our previous knowledge. These claims may be faith based, fact-based, or opinion. Without recognizing it, we take every bit of information we gather, analyze it, and decide whether we accept its validity.…

    • 970 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Superior Essays