An alternative explanation for Shelly using cocaine lies in the psychological theory, the theory that deals with a cognitive approach. The psychological theory provides an explanation to understand the individual’s thoughts, emotions, and behaviors (McNeece & DiNitto, 2012, p.26). As I review and analyze Shelly’s perceptions of the presenting problem, I conclude that she is dealing with high levels of stress which could be the reason why she uses cocaine. I believe that Shelly uses cocaine as a defense mechanism to distort her perceptions of her past or present circumstances. Shelly currently lacks self-esteem, certain skills, finances, and support from family and friends. She is also experiencing rejection from her older brother and friends,
