For instance, Napoleon declared himself emperor in 1804. As part of becoming emperor, he was to be crowned by the Pope in the Cathedral of Notre Dame. However, rather than allowing the Pope to place the crown upon his head, he removed the crown from the emperor’s hands and placed the crown upon his own head. By removing the crown from the Pope’s hands, he was taking over the Pope’s duties. Thus, Napoleon was displaying his power over the Pope and the Catholic Church.
Even Napoleons marriages were moves in order