No political force in the nineteenth century was stronger than nationalism. It replaced dynastic loyalty with loyalty based on ethnic considerations. During the 1800s, Italy was comprised of many small nation-states. However, as time went on unification became a more and more prominent idea that was spread by advocates such as Giuseppe Mazzini in order to raise nationalism. It is important to note that countries have to be dreamt up before they can be real. Someone has to believe in that nation, and sell it to their fellow countrymen. In 1852, Giuseppe Mazzini in an essay titled Europe: Its Condition and Prospects gives his opinions on nationality. Giuseppe Mazzini was a leading figure in liberal nationalism and saw that the creation of a democratic
