Malcolm grew up watching his father deliver violent sermons at Baptist churches. His father preached, but he also had time to spread the ideas of Marcus Garvey, the man who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association, which promoted returning to Africa among other things for African Americans. Malcolm X claims that Marcus Garvey's teachings "emphasized becoming independent of the white man." In 1965, Alex Haley Malcolm benefited greatly from Garvey's thinking, as seen by his later choice to follow the same path and adopt a doctrine that supported Black unity and racial pride. Malcolm found it difficult to put his faith in religion or a higher power, even though a great deal of African Americans thought that a higher power could one day free them from their suffering on earth. "I couldn't believe in the Christian belief in Jesus as someone divine," he writes in his autobiography (Haley 1965, 7). Malcolm may have formed his distrust of religion as a result of his mother's following mental breakdown and his father's unexpected death, even if the text does not make this
Malcolm grew up watching his father deliver violent sermons at Baptist churches. His father preached, but he also had time to spread the ideas of Marcus Garvey, the man who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association, which promoted returning to Africa among other things for African Americans. Malcolm X claims that Marcus Garvey's teachings "emphasized becoming independent of the white man." In 1965, Alex Haley Malcolm benefited greatly from Garvey's thinking, as seen by his later choice to follow the same path and adopt a doctrine that supported Black unity and racial pride. Malcolm found it difficult to put his faith in religion or a higher power, even though a great deal of African Americans thought that a higher power could one day free them from their suffering on earth. "I couldn't believe in the Christian belief in Jesus as someone divine," he writes in his autobiography (Haley 1965, 7). Malcolm may have formed his distrust of religion as a result of his mother's following mental breakdown and his father's unexpected death, even if the text does not make this